Prepared by:

ANGGAY,CECILIA A.
BSEd 3-T2
 A government in which power and civic responsibility are
exercised by all adult citizens, directly, or through their freely elected
representatives.
 Forms of

• Direct or Pure Democracy

• Deliberative Democracy
• Representative (indirect) Democracy
• Liberal Democracy
• Illiberal Democracy
 The citizens
themselves assemble to
debate and reach decisions
on matters of common
interest.
 A perspective on democracy
which emphasizes the value of
Deliberative public discussion among free,
Democracy equal and rational citizens in
giving legitimacy to decisions and
in enhancing their quality.
A range of democratic decision rules

Majority(simple majority)
More than half of those voting
Absolute majority
More than half of those entitled to vote
Plurality
The largest number of votes but not necessarily a
majority
Qualified majority
More than a simple majority, typically two thirds
Weighted majority
A majority after adjusting votes for differences in voting
power
Concurrent majority
More than one majority required
ex: a double majority of voters and states in a
federation
Unanimity
All to agree, assent or at least acquisce
 Citizens elect a
parliament and, in
presidential systems, a chief
executive. These
representatives are usually
held to account at the next
ellection.
 A version of representative
democracy in which the scope of
democracy is limited by
Liberal constitutional protection of
Democracy individual rights, including freedom
of assembly, property, religion and
speech. Free, fair and regular
elections are based on universal
suffrage.
 A version of
representative democracy in
which rulers, once elected,
Illiberal govern with few limits and little
respect for indiviual rights. To
Democracy
assist re-election, the
president ensures favourable
media coverage and often
harasses political opponents,
precluding any need to falsify
the count.
 • First Wave
Waves of • Second Wave
democratization • Third Wave
 Third Wave
1974-1991
Second Wave Southern & Eastern
1943-1962 Europe
India Latin America
First Wave Israel parts of Africa
1828- 1926 Japan
Britain West Germany
France
USA
End of Slide
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