Group 6

Clara Natalia
Adenia Lestari
Maurent Virginia
Priambodo Ardi Saputro
 The Scope
1. Trigonometric Identity

2. Trigonometric Equation
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITY
 TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
A. Relation/Base Formula of Trigonometric Function
1. a. Opposite Relation:
1 1 1
csc α = sin α sec α = cos  cot α = tan 

sinα
b. Division Relation: tan α = cosα
cos α
cot α =
sin α

c. “Pythagoras” Relation:
sin2α + cos2α = 1 (and its variety)
tan2α + 1 = sec2α
1 + cot2α = csc2α
 Related Angles
2. Trigonometric Function of related angles
a. sin(90 – α)o = cos αo cos(90 – α)o = sin αo
tan(90 – α)o = cot αo cot(90 – α)o = tan αo
sec(90 – α)o = csc αo csc(90 – α)o = sec αo
b. sin(180 – α)o = sin α0 sin(180 + α)o = –sin αo
cos(180 – α)o = –cos α0 cos(180 + α)o = –cos αo
tan(180 – α)o = –tan α0 tan(180 + α)o = tan αo

c. sin(360 – α)o = –sin α0 sin(–αo) = –sin αo

cos(360 – α)o = cos α0 cos(–αo) = cos αo
tan(360 – α)o = –tan α0 tan(–αo) = –tan αo

Value
Sin All
”+”

Tan Cos
Trigonometric Formula in Triangles
1. Sine Rules (formula) in ABC Triangles:
a b c
 
sin  sin  sin 
2. Cosine Rules (formula):
b2  c 2  a 2
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos α cos α =
2bc
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos β or
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos γ cos β = c 2  a 2  b2
2ca
cos γ = a2  b2  c2
2ab
The difference, Addition Formula
and Division Result of Sine/cosine
Function
1. Multiplication Result of sine and cosine
 2 sin α cos β = sin(α + β) + sin(α – β)
 2 cos α sin β = sin(α + β) – sin(α – β)
 2 cos α cos β = cos(α + β) – cos(α – β)
 –2 sin α sin β = cos(α + β) – cos(α – β)
or 2 sin α sin β = cos(α – β) – cos(α + β)
2. Addition and Difference of Sine/Cosine Function
 sin A + sin B = 2 sin ½ (A + B) cos ½ (A – B)
 sin A – sin B = 2 cos ½ (A + B) sin ½ (A – B)
 cos A + cos B = 2 cos ½ (A + B) cos ½ (A – B)
 cos A – cos B = –2 sin ½ (A + B) sin ½ (A – B)
 TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITY
Identity is an open sentence which has true
value for every its variable value substitution
for example : sin2α + cos2α = 1

 Prove !
sin x 1  cos x
2 csc x  
1  cos x sin x

sec4 – sec2 = tan4 + tan2

 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITY
sin x 1  cos x
Prove: 1  cos x

sin x
sin 2 x  (1  cos x ) 2

(1  cos x ) sin x
sin 2 x  1  2 cos x  cos 2 x

(1  cos x ) sin x
2  2 cos x

(1  cos x ) sin x
2

sin x
 2 csc x

Prove:
Alternative I From left space
• Left space:
sec4 – sec2
= sec2(sec2 – 1)
= sec 2 x tan 2
= (1 + tan 2) x tan 2
= tan 2 + tan 4
= tan 4 + tan 2
= right space (proven)
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITY
Alternative II From right space
Right space:
tan 4 + tan 2
= tan 2(tan 2 + 1)
= (sec 2 – 1) sec 2
= sec 4 – sec 2
= left space (proven)
Example
Example
TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATION
 Formula I :

1). If sin x  sin 

then: x   + k. 360 or
x  (180  ) + k. 360 , k  B

2). If cos x  cos 

then : x   + k. 360 or
x    + k. 360, k  B
3). If tan x  tan 
then : x   + k. 180 k  B
 Formula II : At the same condition is
equal to zero

1). If sin x  0
then: x  k.180 , k  B

2). If cos x  0
then: x  90 + k.180 , k  B

3). If tan x  0
then: x  k.180 , k  B
 Formula III : Equation contains
negative value
1). If sin x  - sin   sin (-)
then: x  -  + k. 360 or
x  (180 + ) + k. 360 , k  B
2). If cos x  - cos   cos (180 +  )
then: x  180 +  + k. 360 or
x  - 180 -  + k. 360 , k  B
3). If tan x  - tan   tan (-)
then: x  -  + k. 180 , k  B
 Example

Determine the solution set of the

trigonometric equation below:

For 0 ≤ x < 360:

a) sin x0 = sin 400

1
b) b) cos 2x0 =
2
a) sin x0 = sin 400

x = 40 + k.360

= (180 – 40) + k.360

For k = 0 → x = 40 k = 0 → k = 140

So the solution set is {40, 140}

is {30, 150, 210, 330}

 1
b) cos 2x 0 =2

cos 2x 0 = cos 60 0

2x = 60 + k.360 or 2x = -60 + k.360

x = 30 + k.1 80 x = -30 + k.180

for k = 0 → x = 30 for k = 1 → x = 2100

k = 1 → x = 150 k = 2 → x = 330

So the solution set is

{30, 150, 210, 330}

Example
Example
Example