WHAT IS FIRE

• FIRE is an associated series of

chemical reactions, which
releases the energy stored in
fuel, such as heat and light
(flame).
FIRE TRIANGLE

FUEL
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• CLASS “A” :

FIRE IN SOLID CARBONAEOUS

SUBSTANCES LIKE WOOD, PAPER,
JUTE, COAL, CLOTH ETC.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• CLASS “B” :

LIQUID FIRE- FIRE IN

FLAMMABLE LIQUID LIKE PETROL,
KEROSENE OIL, ALCOHOL, BENZENE
ETC.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• CLASS “C” :

GAS FIRE- FIRE IN GASES LIKE

L.P.G., HYDROGEN, ACETELENE ETC.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• CLASS“D” :

METAL FIRE- FIRE IN

METALS Like Sodium, Magnesium,
Aluminum etc.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• Fire of any class (i.e. Class A, B, C Or D) ,

when associated with Electrical power
supply, shall be taken extra care.
 Flash Point
• The minimum Temp. at
which any substance gives off
sufficient combustible vapours to
produce a momentary flash on the
application of any external source
of flame.
 Fire Point
• The minimum Temp. at
which any substance gives off
sufficient combustible vapours to
continue the flame on the
application of any external source
of flame.
 Ignition Temperature
• The minimum temp. at which
any combustible material starts
burning itself without any
application of external source of
flame.
FLAMMABILITY LIMITS

• Limits within which the

vapours of fuel can produce a
flame after mixing with air.
 Flammability limits
FUEL LFL UFL
• H2 4.0 75.0
• CO 12.5 74.2
• CH4 5.0 15.0
• C3H8 2.2 9.5
• C4H10 1.5 9.0
(% by Volume)
 PRIMARY FIRE SUPRESSION

COOLING (limitation of temperature)

SMOTHERING (limitation of oxygen)

STARVATION (limitation of fuel)

 COOLING
• The cooling principle is the one most commonly
employed for fire extinction
• The extinguishing medium operates by
absorbing heat from the fire.
• Its temperature is raised.
• It is converted to the vapour state.

• For Fire fighting, Water is the best coolant

 WHY WATER?
• Easily available.
• Comparatively cost is less than other
extinguishing media.
• High latent heat of vapourisation i.e. 536 cal/
gm
• After evapourisation it expands enormously
(1:1700 times).
• Thus removing the oxygen from the scene of
Fire.
 Starvation
• By removing combustible material
from the neighborhood of the fire.

• By removing the fire from the

neighborhood of combustible
material .
 Smothering

• If the oxygen content of the

atmosphere in the immediate
neighborhood of burning material can
be sufficiently reduced, combustion
will cease.

• Agents- Foam, CO2, DCP, Sand etc

• Bad house-keeping
• Electrical
• Careless smoking
• Poor maintenance of machinery
e.g: Mechanical heat, Spillage of hot
oils/ lubricants.
 Contd…..
• Unsafe handling of Hazardous chemicals
and gases
• Lack of periodical maintenance of
pipelines carrying steam, gas, fuels
• Poor awareness about fire safety systems
• Poor manpower training in Fire fighting
Water type extinguisher
CO2 Type extinguisher
DCP type extinguisher
• Good house keeping
• Separation of process from storage.
• Preventive maintenance of machinery and
periodical lubrication.
• Regular fire safety checks and fire drills.
• Standard work practices.
• Maintenance of fire safety systems.
• Training of personnel.
 SUITABLILITY OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS

• .
CLASS OF FIRE DISCRIPTION MEDIUM EXTINGUISHING

A ORINARY COMBUTIBLE WATER

MATERIALS WOOD,
FABRIC ETC.,
B FLAMMABLELIQUIDS, Foam, CO2, DCP etc.
PETROL,DIESEL ET

C FLAMMABLE GASES CO2, DCP

D FLAMMABLE METALS Special DCP,

Electrical ELECTRICAL Halon,CO2 when

EQUIPMENTS elec.equipment is de-
Fires energised
 HOW TO CALL AND HELP FIRE SERVICES INCASE
OF FIRE

• Ring up: Fire Station PAX-2222, 2333 & P&T

26940428
• Inform your name, designation and Telephone No.
• Inform exact location of fire and material involved
in fire.
• One person should wait at the nearest main road
for directing the Fire Vehicle/ Firemen to the
scene of fire.
 HOW TO CALL AND HELP FIRE SERVICES INCASE
OF FIRE…

• Use first aid fire appliances and keep the

fire under control till arrival of the fire
service.
• Render your assistance for laying out hoses
and removing.
• Do not make crowd on the scene of fire,
which may hamper fire- fighting
operation.
Any ?