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Eucaryotes Procaryotes
size 10-30 um 1-2 um
spherical, rods, ellipses,
shape ellipsoidal etc.
locomotion no yes
border membrane wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
• network of membrane-bound channels
• channels: outside is the cytosol, inside are the ribosomes
• e.r. responsible for the protein synthesis and post-translational processing
Mitochondria:
• respiration occurs there -> ATP produced
• independent organelles with their own DNA, capable of independent
reproduction
• two membranes
• smooth outer membrane
• folded inner membrane called the cristae
Lysosomes:
• small organelles, single membrane
• contain hydrolytic enzymes: proteases, nucleases and esterases
Golgi body:
• collection and secretion of extracellular proteins
• direct intracellular protein traffic
Differentiated mammalian cells are mortal, however, cancer cell lines are
immortal.
Animal cell lines include: mammal, insect, fish, crustaceans
Insect cells are easier to grow. They grow faster and you can use a
baculovirus as a vector for genetic engineering. Insect cells may not have
post-translational modifications like mammalian cells.
The blastocyst has an outer layer of cells and inside the hollow
sphere, there is a cluster of cells called the inner cell mass.
Outer cell layer placenta and supporting tissues for fetus in uterus
Stain cells and drop on the slide – count all the white ones