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By,
Prasobh J Mechery
Roll No: 36

 

= Major problem faced by today¶s world is environmental
pollution.
= f these vehicular traffic is a major contributor .
=
haust gases from vehicles includes C ,C ,HC,N  «..
= f these N  is particularly very harmful.
= hese are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have
an adverse effect on ecological systems.
= hey also contribute to the formation of acid rain.
= N  also cause breathing illness in human beings.
 
  

= he factors that cause diesel engines to run more

efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to
run at a higher temperature.
= his leads to the creation of nitrogen oides (N .
= uel in any engine is burned with etra air and some
of the oygen is used to burn the fuel.
= hen the peak temperatures are high enough for
long periods of time, the nitrogen and oygen in the
air combines to form Nitrogen oides.

= hese are normally collectively referred to as ³N .


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= n order to reduce N  a engine should run at a lower

temperature than the normal temperature.
= Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three
ways.
1.
nriching the air fuel miture

. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding

ignition timings

3. Reducing the amount of ygen in the cylinder

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=
haust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method to

reduce N  emissions from the engine.
= t works by recirculating a quantity of ehaust gas
back to the engine cylinders.
= ntermiing the recirculated gas with incoming air
reduces the amount of available  to the
combustion And lowers the peak temperature of
combustion.
= Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a route
from the ehaust manifold to the intake manifold.
= A control valve within the circuit regulates and times
the gas flow.
|chematic Diagram of An
GR
 
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= here are 3 basic parts of
GR

1.
GR Valve

.
GR Cooler

3.
GR ransfer Pipe

 
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here are three operating conditions for
GR flow.

1. High
GR flow

. Low
GR flow

3. No
GR flow
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= he purpose of the
GR system is to precisely regulate the

flow under different operating conditions.

= By integrating the fuel and spark control with the
GR

metering system, engine performance and the fuel economy
can be enhanced

= or this an
CM (
lectronic Control Machine is used to

regulate the
GR flow. hen
GR is required
CM opens
the
GR valve.
= he
CM is capable of neutralizing the negative aspects of

GR by programming additional spark advance and
decreased fuel injection duration during periods
GR flow
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= Relationship between
GR rate and N

Relationship between  concentration

And N  reduction
HC and NOx concentration as a function of
EGR Level
Relation of PM accumulation rate
And N  emission with
GR
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1. Combustion Contamination
=
haust gas from any combustion process may have certain
contaminants
= May lead to serious combustion degradation and instability, and
shorter component life.
. Control |ystem |tability
- Control systems for modern engines have been developed over
two decades to maintain emissions control at varying loads,
speeds, and fuel conditions.
- Adding
GR into the combustion process introduces
further compleity that must be carefully integrated into the
entire engine control system approach for successful
operation over a wide range of conditions.
3. Materials and Durability

=
GR systems may decrease long-term life of the

components affected, including the
GR coolers and
control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads, ehaust
manifolds and sensors

= Continuous duty applications may cause materials

breakdown, shorter component life, and even
unepected, catastrophic engine failures.
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= Current Proposal:

= Require a functional check of the
GR system:

detect a malfunction when the system has reached
its control limits such that it cannot achieve the
target
GR flow

= Require a functional check of the
GR cooling

system for proper cooling
  
 

= sing
haust Gas Recirculation echnique in engines, the

emissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of
N  entering the atmosphere.

=
haust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. t has

proven to be very useful and it is being modified further to
attain better standards.

= his method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption

=
GR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous

oide emissions from the engine ehaust.
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= http://www.autozine.org
= http://www.niehoff.com
= http://www.automotive.tno.nl
= http://www.yet.com
= http://www.autorepair.about.com
= http://www.constructionequipment.com
= http://www.fordscorpio.co.uk
YHANK YOU