Chemical Product Design:

Fire Proof Wood Coating

(Assignment 1)

Group 22
Chantika Putri Febianty Coan (1506673321)
Muhammad Nuh Firdaus (1506738353)
Syafira Deani Tiaradiba (1506673422)
Tita Tri Yolandini (1506673403)
Togi Elyazeer (1506738385)
 Outline
Introduction : Background, Formulation, Identification, and
Limitation of Problem

Review of Literature

Needs and Ideas

Product Specification

Metrics

2
 Problem Problem Problem
Background
Formulation Identification Limitation

INTRODUCTION
3
 Background

Woods have wide ranging

mechanical, physical, and thermal
properties, which make them
suitable for different applications
4
Background (Continued)

Causes : short-circuit power,

stoves, cigarettes,
firecrackers and burning
garbage. (RMOL.CO, 2017)

5
 Background (Continued)

The uncountable damage of the property caused due to the fire accident. So fireproof
for the wood is needed to protect wood properties from the damage, because it could
extending the time for evacuation and giving fire fighters more time to get a blaze
under control. 6
 Most of people Problem
Formulation
doesn’t even
know about
the product’s
existence

Hasn’t another
function such
Expensive
as anti-termit,
price
anti-scratched,
etc. Cover the
problems
of existing
product

The products
Some of them weren’t
using danger distributed
substance widely in local
market
7
 Problem Identification

• There were a lot of residential fire cases that causing loss of property especially wood
properties

• Most of people doesn’t even know about the existence of fireproof wood coating
product

• Most of the local wood coating product hasn’t fireproof function

• Most of the existing product hasn’t affordable prices

• The existing product hasn’t other function such as anti-termit, anti-scratched, etc.

8
 Problem Limitation

• This fireproof coating product is designed for convenient use and cost

• This fireproof coating product is designed for personal and industrial use

• This fireproof coating product is designed to has high performance in

protecting the structure of wooden properties from fire

• This fireproof coating product is formulated with the substances which is

relatively safe to human body and environment

• This fireproof coating product is designed to has high durability against the
weather and organism activities
9
 Classifications Ignition and
Definition Technics and
Fire Triangle of Fire Proof
Methodes
Combustion
and Material Coating of Wood

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10
 Definition and Materials of Coating
Definition

• Coating is a thin layer of a substance spread over a surface.

• The substance, which is contained in coating, may be organic
or inorganic compound.
• Materials commonly used in the manufacture of coating are
resins/binder, pigment, solvent and additive.

11
 Definition and Materials of Coating
(Continued) Materials

• Resins is substance of plant, which is solid or highly viscous, or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into
Ressins/ polymers
• primarily responsible for the coating's chemical, water, and UV light-resistant properties.
Binders

• Providing inhibition or passivation of metal surface, preventing corrosion, reinforce the coating film, and act as a barrier to
provide water impermeability to the dried coating film.
Pigments • Certain pigment types enhance heat, abrasion, acid, or alkali resistance to coatings.

•Dissolve solid coating constituents, reduce viscosity, and render the coating fluid enough that it can be satisfactorily applied.
Solvent •the solvent must volatilize fast enough to prevent runs and sags in the drying coating film

• Substance added in small quantities to a coating material to improve or modify one or more properties or for specialized
purposes.
Additive • These include antiskinning agents, fungicides, thixotropies, UV light absorbers, plasticizers, flow agents, and emulsion aids.

12
 Classification of Coating
Clear Coating

• When combined with a hard resin, the drying oils impart their inherent flexibility,
elasticity, and durability to the derived film.
Drying
Oil

• Liquid composition which is converted to a transparent or translucent film after

application as a thin layer
• Combination of evaporation, oxidation, and polymerization to give a transparent or
Varnish translucent film

• Usefully defined as a quick-drying, film-forming solution, especially well-suited for spray

application, which dries by evaporation of its volatile constituents to form a coating that
Lacquer
can be redissolved by the original solvents.

13
 Classification of Coating (Continued)
Pigmented Coating

• Reducing the surface flammability of substrates over which

Fire-Retardant they are applied.
• Reducing the rate of further flame spread rather than in
Coatings preventing substrate ignition or structural failure in the
immediate area under attack by fire.

• Consist basically of pigment particles dispersed in a

drying oil or varnish vehicle, together with thinners to
Oil Paints provide a suitable consistency and evaporation rate for
proper application, and driers to give the desired curing
characteristics.

14
 Classification of Coating (Continued)
Primers

• Applied as the first coat of paint on the substrate (sometimes

preconditioned) to be painted. Its chief function is to provide a
satisfactory bond between the finish coats and the substrate.

15
 Fire Triangle

A heat source is responsible for the initial

Heat ignition of fire. Heat allows fire to spread
by drying out and preheating nearby fuel
and warming surrounding air.

Oxygen supports the chemical processes that

occur during fire. When fuel burns, it reacts
with oxygen from the surrounding air,
Oxygen releasing heat and generating combustion
products (gases, smoke, embers, etc.). This
process is known as oxidation

Fuel is any kind of combustible material.

It’s characterized by its moisture
contaent, size, shape, quantity and the
Fuel arrangement in which it is spread over
the landscape. The moisture content
determines how easily it will burn.

16
 Classifications of Fire Proof Coating
• The effectiveness of halogenated flame retardants increases
in the order F < Cl < Br < I.
Halogen- • Halogen-containing flame retardants act by interfering with
Containing Flame the radical chain mechanism taking place in the gas phase.
The high-energy OH and H radicals formed by chain
Retardants branching are removed by the halogen-containing flame
retardant.

• Mainly influence the reactions taking place in the

condensed phase, where particularly effective in materials
Phosporus with high oxygen content, such as cellulose and oxygen
Containing Flame containing plastics.
• The flame retardant is converted by thermal decomposition
Retardants to phosphoric acid which in the condensed phase extracts
water from the pyrolysing substrate, causing it to char.
17
 Classifications of Fire Proof Coating
(Continued)

Nitrogen • Nitrogen containing flame retardants only find limited application in

polymers, e.g. melamine in polyurethane forms and melamine
Containing cyanurate in polyamides.
• Specifically developed systems based on melamine and derivatives
Flame Retardant are used in intumescent systems.

• Few inorganic compounds are suitable for use as flame retardants

in plastics, since such compounds must be effective in the range of
Inorganic Flame decomposition temperatures of the plasctic, mainly between 150
and 400oC.
Retardant • The inorganic flame retandant acts simultaneous on the surface of
the solid phase by cooling the polymer via endothermic breakdown
process and reducing the formation of pyrolysis products.

18
 Technics and Methods of
Fire Proof Coating

Physical Action

• By cooling. Endothermic processes triggered by additives cool the substrate to a

temperature below that required for sustaining the combustion process.
• By formation of protective layer (coating). The condensed combustible layer can be
shielded from the gaseous phase with a solid or gaseous protective layer.
• By dilution. The incorporation of inert substances (e.g. fillers) and additives

Chemical Action

• Reaction in the gas phase. The free radical mechanism of the combustion process which
takes place in the gas phase is interrupted by the fire proof coating
• Reaction in the solid phase.The fireproof coating can cause a layer of carbon to form on
the polymer surface.

19
 Ignition and Combustion of Wood
• Ignition and combustion of wood is
mainly based on the pyrolysis (i.e.
thermal decomposition) of cellulose
and the reactions of pyrolysis products
with each other and with gases in the
air, mainly oxygen.
• When temperature increases, cellulose
starts to pyrolyse. The decomposition
products either remain inside the
material or are released as gases.
Gaseous substances react with each
other and oxygen, releasing a large
amount of heat that further induces
pyrolysis and combustion reactions.
20
 Costumers Group And
Determining
Needs Rank of The
Needs Interpretation Needs

NEEDS AND IDEAS

21
 Determining Needs

Gathering consumer data

Interviewing people in
which related

People who using

woodwork
22
 Respondents’ Profile

Occupation of Respondents Cost of Living (per Month)

2%

16% 15% 11%

Employee
3% 36 USD
Colleger
1% 40% 36 USD to 73 USD
Housewife
6% 73 USD to 219 USD
Enterpreneur 21%
219 USD to 365 USD
31%
Inn Owner
365 USD to 730 USD
15% Dormitory Caretaker
More than 730 USD
etc
20%
19%

23
 Result

Problem Face by Respondents Respondents’ Thoughfulness on

Wood Furnitures
4% Rottening
4%
4%
11% 5%
Moldy
40% How worried
22%
Exfoliated or easily Not concerned
25%
peeled off
Less concerned
Easily scratched
Concerned
Really Concerned
Smelly
62%
23%
Etc

24
 Result (Continued)

Woodwork/Wood Furnitures Unit Respondents’ Knowledge on the

Existance of Fireproof Wood Coating

24% 14%
35%

Less than 10
10 to 20 Yes, I know
More than 20 No, I do not know

41% 86%

25
 Result (Continued)

Respondents’ Interest in Firewood Respondents’ Aspect of Interest in

Wood Coating Buying Fireproof Wood Coating
1% 1%

5%
10%
21% 21% Price
Safe for health
Not Interest 14%
Not Smelly
Less interest
Has long life-time
Interest
Effective
Really Interest
20% 25% Easy to use

73% Etc
9%

26
 Result (Continued)

Respondents’ Preferred Additional Respondents’ Durability Range

Benefit Preference

5% 4%
14%
15%
Anti termite
Less than 30 minutes
Anti Scratched
49% 30 minutes to 1 hour
Anti mold
1 to 2 hours
Durability 23%
21% 59% More than 2 hours
Etc

10%

27
 Result (Continued)

Respondents’ Preferred Form Respondents’ Preferred Size

1% 2%

5%

11%
Sprayer
27%
1 litre
Metal cans
5 litre
Plastic Packaging 52% 10 litre
More than 10 litre
According to consumer 32%
70% orders

28
 Result (Continued)

Respondents’ Preferred Color Respondents’ Price Range Preference

5%
5%
19%

18% 7 USD to 11 USD

Transparent 11 USD to 1,.5 USD
Variant 14,5 USD to 18 USD
More than 18 USD

72%
81%

29
Costumer’s Statement
Interpreted
Needs Costumers Needs
The amount of wood
Interpretation
furnitures
Costumers needs
fireproof wood
coating
Interest in wood coating

Wood furnitures are easily

rotted
Fireproof wood
Wood furnitures are easily
coating that also has
peeled off/exfoliated
additional benefit
such as resistant to
Fungi on wood furnitures termite, fungi, and
scratched
Wood surface can be
scratched 30
 Interpreted
Costumer’s Statement
Needs Costumers Needs
Wood furniture is durable
Fireproof wood
coating has long
Interpretation
(not getting burned out up
to 2 hours)
time durability to
resist fire
(Continued)
Fireproof wood
Do not know the existence coating that widely
of fireproof wood coating distributed in
market

Fireproof wood
The product price is
coating with
estimated 7 USD to 11 USD
affordable price

Fireproof wood
The product has no color coating that keeps
(transparent) furnitures’ original
color 31
 Costumers Needs
Interpretation
Costumer’s Statement
Interpreted
Needs
(Continued)
Fireproof wood
The product has no side coating that safe
effect to health and
environment
Fireproof wood
The product can be used
coating that is easy
easily
to apply
Fireproof wood
The product is not easily coating that sticks
peeled off to wood’s surface
strongly
The product that is
The product size is vary
available in vary
from 1 to 5 litre
packaging size 32
 Costumers Needs
Interpretation
Interpreted
(Continued)
Costumer’s Statement
Needs

The product’s
The form of product is like
packaging is easy to
sprayer or metal cans
carry and keep

Fireproof wood
The product can be dried
coating’s solvent
quickly
evaporates quickly

The product does not has Fireproof wood

bad odor (during coating is odorless
application) (during application)
33
 List of Needs
Number Need
1 Costumers needs fireproof wood coating
2 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to termite
3 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to fungi
4 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to scratch
5 Fireproof wood coating with long time durability to resist fire performance
6 Fireproof wood coating that widely distributed in market
7 Fireproof wood coating with affordable price
8 Fireproof wood coating that keeps furnitures’ original color
9 Fireproof wood coating is eco-friendly
10 Fireproof wood coating that safe to health
11 Fireproof wood coating that is easy to use/apply
12 Fireproof wood coating that sticks to wood’s surface strongly
13 The product’s packaging is easy to carry and keep
14 The product that is available in vary packaging size
15 Fireproof wood coating’s solvent evaporates quickly
16 Fireproof wood coating is odorless (during application)

34
 Grouping and Ranking the Needs
Need
Need(s) Rank
Number
A. REGULATION
9 Fireproof wood coating is eco-friendly 5
10 Fireproof wood coating that safe to health 5
B. RETAILING
6 Fireproof wood coating that that widely distributed in market 4
7 Fireproof wood coating with affordable price 5
13 The product’s packaging is easy to carry and keep 4
14 The product that is available in vary packaging size 3
C. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE
1 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to termite 5
2 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to fungi 4
3 Fireproof wood coating that also resistant to scratch 3
35
Grouping and Ranking the Needs (Continued)

Need
Need(s) Rank
Number
C. PRODUCT PERFORMANCE
Fireproof wood coating with long time durability to resist fire
5 5
performance
8 Fireproof wood coating that keeps furnitures’ original color 4
12 Fireproof wood coating that sticks to wood’s surface strongly 4
D. OPERABILITY
11 Fireproof wood coating that is easy to apply 4
15 Fireproof wood coating’s solvent evaporates quickly 3
E. PRODUCT PERCEPTION
16 Fireproof wood coating is odorless (during application) 4
36
 Benchmarking Marginal Value &
List of Metrics Existing Product Ideal Value

Metrics
37
 List of Metrics
No Needs Specification Unit Rank
Product Performance

Fireproof wood coating that Release Rate of

1 μg/cm2 day 5
also resistant to termite Biocides

Fireproof wood coating that Concentration of

2 % wt 4
also resistant to fungi Anti-Fungal Agent

Fireproof wood coating with

5 long time durability to resist Time Second 5
fire performance
Fireproof wood coating that
8 Design Subjective 4
keeps furnitures’ original color
Fireproof wood coating that
12 sticks to wood’s surface Adhesion Additive % wt 4
strongly
Fireproof wood coating that
3 also resistant to scratch Scratch Hardness HSp 3 38
 List of Metrics
(Continued)
No Needs Specification Unit Rank
Retailing
Fireproof wood coating that widely 4
6 Subjective Yes/No
distributed in market
Fireproof wood coating with 5
7 Price/Volume USD/gal
affordable price
The product’s packaging is easy to 4
13 Subjective Yes/No
carry and keep
The product that is available in vary 3
14 Volume dm3
packaging size
Operability
Fireproof wood coating that is
11 Subjective Yes/No 4
easy to apply
Fireproof wood coating’s solvent
15 Over coating Time minutes 3
39
evaporates quickly
 List of Metrics
(Continued)
No Needs Specification Unit Rank
Product Perception

Fireproof wood coating is

16 Aroma Yes/No 4
odorless (during application)

Regulation
Fireproof wood coating that is
9 COD mg/l 5
eco-friendly

Fireproof wood coating that safe

10 VOC Content g/l 5
to health

40
 Benchmarking Existing Product

Hempacore Urecel Beria Thermoguard

41
Hasil Uji Urecel Beria

42
Hasil Uji Urecel Beria

43
 Benchmarking Existing Product
Scores
Specifica Unit Need Competitor
No Needs Own
tion Metric ranks Urecel
Product Thermoguard Hempacore
Beria
Product Performance
Fireproof wood coating that Biocides 0.05 –
1 %wt 5 N/a - -
also resistant to termite content 1%
Concentratio
Fireproof wood coating that
2 n of anti %wt 4 0.1 -1 % N/a - -
also resistant to fungi
fungal agent
Fireproof wood coating that Scratch
3 %wt 3 4 N/a N/a N/a
also resistant to scratch Hardness

Fireproof wood coating with

3600 1200
5 long time durability to resist time Second 5 1800 7200 for steel
(92.1° C) (200° C)
fire performance

Fireproof wood coating that

Subjecti
8 convenient to costumer’s Design 4 **** ** ** **
ve
building style
Fireproof wood coating that 0.05 –
Adhesion N/a N/a N/a
12 sticks to wood’s surface % wt 4 1%
Additive
strongly

44
 Benchmarking Existing Product (Continued)
Scores
Need Competitor
Specificatio Unit
No Needs rank Own
n Metric
s Product Urecel Beria Thermoguard Hempacore

Product Retailing
Fireproof wood coating
Yes/N
6 that widely distributed Subjective 4 Yes No No No
o
in market
Fireproof wood coating USD/
7 Price/Volume 5 19/dm3 69.31 90.43 81.74
with affordable price gal
The product’s
13 packaging is easy to Subjective Yes/No 4 Yes No No No
carry
The product that is
14 available in vary Volume dm3 3 1,2,3,4,5 1,5,18 5 5
packaging size
Operability

Fireproof wood coating

11 Subjective 4 Yes yes yes Yes
that is easy to apply

Fireproof wood coating’s Over

Minute
15 solvent evaporates Coating 3 60 60 n/a 15
s 45
quickly Time
 Benchmarking Existing Product (Continued)

Scores
Specific- Unit Need Competitor
No Needs Own
ation Metric ranks Urecel Thermoguard Hempacore
Product
Beria
Product Perception
Fireproof wood coating is
16 Aroma Yes/No 4 yes no no yes
odorless (during application)
Regulation

Fireproof wood coating that N/a N/a

9 COD mg/l 5 150 N/a
is eco-friendly

Fireproof wood coating that VOC

10 g/l 5 250 N/a 26 320
safe to health Content

46
 Marginal Value and Ideal Value
Metrics
No. Specification Rank Ideal Value Marginal Value Patents
Unit
Performance
International
Conference on
1 Biocides content 5 %wt 0.05 - 1% 0.5 – 1% durability of
Building Materials
and Components
The U.S.
Concentration of anti fungal
2 4 %wt 0.05 – 5 % 0.05 – 3% government
agent

3 Scratch Hardness 3 HSp 4 HSp 5 HSp -

Durability time when exposed The NFPA Fire

5 5 Second 1800 – 7200 3600
to fire Test Standards

8 Design 4 Subjective Yes Yes -

12 Adhesion additive 4 %wt 0.05 – 3% 0.05 – 3% -
Perception
47
Fireproof wood coating is
 Marginal Value and Ideal Value (Continued)

Metrics Marginal
No. Specification Rank Ideal Value Patents
Unit Value
Regulations
9 VOD Content 5 mg/l >100 <100 -
The U.S.
10 VOC Content 5 g/l 26-320 350 governm
ent
Operability
Fireproof wood coating
that is easy to apply
11 4 Yes/No Yes Yes -

Over Coating Time

15 3 minutes 60 - 240 60 -

48
 Marginal Value and Ideal Value
(Continued)
Marginal
No. Specification Rank Metrics Unit Ideal Value Patents
Value
Retailing
Fireproof wood coating that
11 4 Yes/No No Yes -
widely distributed in market
Fireproof wood coating with 90 – 100
12 5 USD/Gal 60 – 100 USD US Government
affordable price USD
The product’s packaging is
13 4 Yes/No No Yes -
easy to carry
The product that is available in
3 dm3 5 1,2,3,4,5
vary packaging size
15
The product’s packaging is
3 Yes/No No Yes -
attractive

49
CONCLUSION
50
 Conclusion

Coating To Stop a Fire

(Fire Triangle)

Is a thin layer of a substance If a fire runs out of fuel, it

spread over a surface will smoulder out

The substance may be

organic or inorganic if can cool a fire down it will
compound. lose heat and go out

Materials commonly used

If the oxygen is removed it
are resins/binder, pigment,
will suffocate.
solvent and additive. 51
 Conclusion
Customer Needs Benchmarked Product

The interpreted needs are from the (+) Convenient to costumer’s

respondents’ answers. building style

Fireproof wood coating that also has another (+) Available in vary packaging
function such as prevent wood from
rottening, anti-termite, anti-mold and anti-
scratched, with long time durability to resist
fire performance, is easy to use, has pleasant (+) Size packaging is attractive
smell, and also eco-friendly & safe to health.
(-) Are not widely distributed in
market
52
CREDITS
53
Special Thanks to
 Lecturer:  Guest Lecturer:
• Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ir. Misri Gozan, Mtech • Pak Tommy
• Prof. Dr. Ir. Widodo W. Purwanto, DEA
• Dr.rer.nat. Ir. Yuswan Muharam, MT
• Dewi Tristantini, Ph.D

 Assistant Lecturer:
• Eliza Habna Lana
• Muhammad Yusuf Arya Ramadhan
• Nur Anissa
• Thareq Kemal

54
REFERENCES
55
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