Leading people

Influencing people

Commanding people

Guiding people
 What qualities does a leader
possess?

 Self-awareness  Effective communication

 Integrity  Belief in others
 Courage  Peer respect
 Confidence  Insight
 Enthusiasm  Sense of humour
 Innovation  Competence
 Wisdom  Delegation skills
 Adaptability
 Strong inter-personal
skills
 Authoritarian or autocratic
 Participative or democratic
 Delegative or Free Reign
 I want both of you to. . .
 This style is used when leaders tell their
employees what they want done and how they
want it accomplished, without getting the
advice oappropriate conditions to use it is
when you have all the information to solve the
problem, you are short f their followers. Some
of the on time, and your employees are well
motivated.
 Some people tend to think of this style as a
vehicle for yelling, using demeaning language,
and leading by threats and abusing their
power. This is not the authoritarian style,
rather it is an abusive, unprofessional style
called “bossing people around.” It has no place
in a leader's repertoire.
 The authoritarian style should normally only
be used on rare occasions. If you have the time
and want to gain more commitment and
motivation from your employees, then you
should use the participative style.
 Let's work together to solve this. . .
 This style involves the leader including one or
more employees in the decision making
process (determining what to do and how to do
it). However, the leader maintains the final
decision making authority. Using this style is
not a sign of weakness, rather it is a sign of
strength that your employees will respect.
 This is normally used when you have part of
the information, and your employees have
other parts. Note that a leader is not expected
to know everything — this is why you employ
knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using
this style is of mutual benefit — it allows them
to become part of the team and allows you to
make better decisions.
 You two take care of the problem while I go. .
 In this style, the leader allows the employees to
make the decisions. However, the leader is still
responsible for the decisions that are made.
This is used when employees are able to
analyze the situation and determine what
needs to be done and how to do it. You cannot
do everything! You must set priorities and
delegate certain tasks.
 This is not a style to use so that you can blame
others when things go wrong, rather this is a
style to be used when you fully trust and
confidence in the people below you. Do not be
afraid to use it, however, use it wisely!
 NOTE: This is also known as laissez faire (or lais·ser
faire), which is the noninterference in the affairs of
others. [French : laissez, second person pl. imperative
of laisser, to let, allow + faire, to do.]
 Body language is a form of mental and physical ability
of human non-verbal communication, which consists
of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye
movements. Humans send and interpret such signals
almost entirely subconsciously.
 James Borg states that human communication consists
of 93 percent body language and paralinguistic cues,
while only 7% of communication consists of words
themselves;[1] however, Albert Mehrabian, the
researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these
statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of
the findings[2] (see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's
rule). Others assert that "Research has suggested that
between 60 and 70 percent of all meaning is derived
from nonverbal behavior."[3]
 Body language may provide clues as to the attitude or
state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate
aggression, attentiveness, boredom, relaxed state,
pleasure, amusement, and intoxication, among many
other cues.
 Eye contact is a meeting of the eyes between two
individuals.
In human beings, eye contact is a form of nonverbal
communication and is thought to have a large
influence on social behaviour. The customs and
significance of eye contact vary widely between
cultures, with religious and social differences often
altering its meaning greatly.
 Social meanings of eye contact


 Eye contact and facial expressions provide important

social and emotional information. People, perhaps
without consciously doing so, probe each other's eyes
and faces for positive or negative mood signs. In some
contexts, the meeting of eyes arouses strong emotions.
 Eye contact is also an important element in flirting,
where it may serve to establish and gauge the other's
interest in some situations.
 Mutual eye contact that signals attraction initially
begins as a brief glance and progresses into a repeated
volleying of eye contact.
 In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch
while speaking which is not used to distinguish
words. It contrasts with tone, in which pitch
variation does distinguish words. Intonation,
rhythm, and stress are the three main elements
of linguistic prosody. Fluctuations in pitch
either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch.
Intonation is found in every language and even
in tonal languages, but the realisation and
function are seemingly different. It is used in
non-tonal languages to add attitudes to words
(attitudinal function) and to differentiate
between wh-questions, yes-no questions,
declarative statements, commands, requests,
etc.
 Stress is the relative emphasis that may be
given to certain syllables in a word, or to
certain words in a phrase or sentence. The term
is also used for similar patterns of phonetic
prominence inside syllables. The word accent is
sometimes also used with this sense.
 The stress placed on syllables within words is
called word stress or lexical stress. The stress
placed on words within sentences is called
sentence stress or prosodic stress. The latter is
one of the three components of prosody, along
with rhythm and intonation purposes.
 Personal space is the region surrounding a person which
they regard as psychologically theirs. Most people value
their personal space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety
when their personal space is encroached.[1] Permitting a
person to enter personal space and entering somebody else's
personal space are indicators of perception of the
relationship between the people. There is an intimate zone
reserved for lovers, children and close family members.
There is another zone used for conversations with friends, to
chat with associates, and in group discussions; a further
zone is reserved for strangers, newly formed groups, and
new acquaintances; and a fourth zone is used for speeches,
lectures, and theater; essentially, public distance is that
range reserved for larger audiences.[2]
 Interpersonal space
 Interpersonal space refers to the psychological "bubble" that
exists when one person stands too close to another. Research
has revealed that there are four different zones of
interpersonal space:
 Intimate distance ranges from touching to about 18 inches
(46 cm) apart, and is reserved for lovers, children, as well as
close family members and friends, and also pet animals.
 Personal distance begins about an arm's length away;
starting around 18 inches (46 cm) from the person and
ending about 4 feet (122 cm) away. This space is used in
conversations with friends, to chat with associates, and in
group discussions.
 Social distance ranges from 4 to 8 feet (1.2 m - 2.4 m) away
from the person and is reserved for strangers, newly formed
groups, and new acquaintances.
 Public distance includes anything more than 8 feet (2.4 m)
away, and is used for speeches, lectures, and theater. Public
distance is essentially that range reserved for larger
audiences