PART ONE-

EMPLOYMENT
LEAH TAYLOR
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
FULL-TIME:
 Full-time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by
his/her employer. Full-time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part-time,
temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sick leave, and health insurance. Part-time jobs are mistakenly
thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against
part-time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally
pay more than part-time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part-
time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labour Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full-time employment or
part-time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labour).
The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies
commonly require from 32 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full-time and therefore eligible for benefits.
 Full-Time status varies between company and is often based on the shift the employee must work during each
work week.The "standard" work week consists of five eight-hour days, commonly served between 9:00 AM to
5:00 PM or 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM totalling 40 hours. While a four-day week generally consists of four ten-hour
days; it may also consist of as little as nine hours for a total of a 36-hour work week.Twelve-hour shifts are often
three days per week, unless the company has the intention of paying out the employee overtime. Overtime is
legally paid out anytime an employee works more than 40 hours per week.The legal minimum for overtime starts
at Base Pay + One-Half. The increased pay-out is considered to compensate slightly for the increased fatigue
which a person experiences on such long shifts. Shifts can also be very irregular, as in retail, but are still full-time if
the required number of hours is reached. There are some situations where a person who needs full-time work is
dropped to part-time, which is sometimes a form of constructive dismissal to avoid paying unemployment
benefits to a laid-off worker.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
PART-TIME:

 A part-time contract is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a
full-time job. They work in shifts. The shifts are often rotational. Workers are considered
to be part-time if they commonly work fewer than 30 hours per week.According to the
International Labour Organization, the number of part-time workers has increased from
one-fourth to a half in the past 20 years in most developed countries, excluding the
United States. There are many reasons for working part-time, including the desire to do
so, having one's hours cut back by an employer and being unable to find a full-time job.
The International Labour Organisation Convention 175 requires that part-time workers
be treated no less favourably than full-time workers.
 In some cases the nature of the work itself may require that the employees be classified
part as part-time workers. For example, some amusement parks are closed during
winter months and keep only a skeleton crew on hand for maintenance and office work.
As a result of this cutback in staffing during the off season, employees who operate rides,
run gaming stands, or staff concession stands may be classified as part-time workers
owing to the months long down time during which they may be technically employed.
 "Part-time" can also be used in reference to a student (usually in higher education) who
takes only a few courses, rather than a full load of coursework each semester.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
FREELANCE:

 A freelancer or freelance worker is a term commonly used for a person who is self-
employed and is not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term.
Freelance workers are sometimes represented by a company or a temporary agency
that resells freelance labour to clients; others work independently or use professional
associations or websites to get work.
 While the term "independent contractor" would be used in a higher register of English
to designate the tax and employment classes of this type of worker, the term
freelancing is most common in culture and creative industries and this term specifically
motions to participation therein.
 Fields, professions, and industries where freelancing is predominant include: music,
writing, acting, computer programming, web design, translating and illustrating, film and
video production, and other forms of piece work which some cultural theorists
consider as central to the cognitive-cultural economy.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
SHIFT WORK:

 Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service
across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as 24/7). The
practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which
different groups of workers perform their duties. The term "shift work" includes both
long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.
 In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health
problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the
probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, and
obesity, among other conditions.
 Shift work can also contribute to strain in marital, family, and personal relationships.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
PERMANENT CONTRACT:

 Permanent employees, regular employees or the directly employed, work for an employer
and are paid directly by that employer. Permanent (regular) employees do not have a
predetermined end date to employment. In addition to their wages, they often receive
benefits like subsidized health care, paid vacations, holidays, sick time, or contributions to a
retirement plan. Permanent employees are often eligible to switch job positions within
their companies. Even when employment is "at will", permanent employees of large
companies are generally protected from abrupt job termination by severance policies, like
advance notice in case of layoffs, or formal discipline procedures. They may be eligible to
join a union, and may enjoy both social and financial benefits of their employment.
 With exception of South Korea where extensive laws and regulations make firing of
permanent employees nearly impossible, rarely does "permanent employment" mean
employment of an individual that is guaranteed throughout the employee's working life. In
the private sector, with the notable exception of academic tenure, such jobs are rare;
permanent employment is far more common in the public sector, where profit and loss is
not as important.
 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
TEMPORARY CONTRACT:
 An employment situation where an employee is expected to remain in a position only for a certain period of time.
Temporary employees may have the opportunity to achieve permanent employment status after the time period has
lapsed, Temporary workers may also be referred to as seasonal employees or temps. Employment term may be based on
the completion of a project, the availability of funding, or other circumstances.
 Temporary work or temporary employment (also called odd jobs) refers to an employment situation where the working
arrangement is limited to a certain period of time based on the needs of the employing organization. Temporary
employees are sometimes called "contractual", "seasonal", "interim", "casual staff", "outsourcing", "freelance"; or the word
may be shortened to "temps". In some instances, temporary, highly skilled professionals (particularly in the white-collar
worker fields, such as law, engineering, and accounting) refer to themselves as consultants.
 Temporary work is different from Secondment, which is the assignment of a member of one organisation to another
organisation for a temporary period, and where the employee typically retains their salary and other employment rights
from their primary organisation but they work closely within the other organisation to provide training and the sharing
of experience.
 Temporary workers may work full-time or part-time depending on the individual situation. In some instances, temporary
workers receive benefits (such as health insurance), but usually benefits are only given to permanent employees as a
cost-cutting measure by the employer to save money. Not all temporary employees find jobs through a temporary
employment agency. With the rise of the Internet and gig economy (a labour market characterized by the prevalence of
short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs), many workers are now finding short-term jobs
through freelance marketplaces: a situation that brings into being a global market for work.
 A temporary work agency, temp agency or temporary staffing firm finds and retains workers. Other companies, in need
of short-term workers, contract with the temporary work agency to send temporary workers, or temps, on assignments
to work at the other companies. Temporary employees are also used in work that has a cyclical nature, requiring
frequent adjustments to staffing levels.
 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
ZERO HOURS CONTRACT:

 A zero-hour contract is a type of contract between an employer and a worker, where the
employer is not obliged to provide any minimum working hours, while the worker is not
obliged to accept any work offered. The employee may sign an agreement to be available
for work as and when required, so that no particular number of hours or times of work
are specified. Depending on jurisdiction and conditions of employment, a zero-hour
contract may differ from casual work. They are often used in agriculture, hotels and
catering, education, and healthcare sectors. They are used to enable on call scheduling. This
term is used to refer to on-call shift scheduling practices, even though it is just a contract
which enables it.
 While the term 'zero-hour contract' is primarily used in the United Kingdom, where
around 3% of the workforce are on zero-hour contracts, casual and part-time workers are
employed under similar terms in many countries.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
MULTI-SKILLED WORKER:

 A skilled worker is any worker who has special skill, training, knowledge, and (usually
acquired) ability in their work. A skilled worker may have attended a college, university
or technical school. Or, a skilled worker may have learned their skills on the job.
Examples of skilled labour include software development, paramedics, police officers,
soldiers, physicians, crane operators, truck drivers, drafters, painters, plumbers,
craftsmen, cooks and accountants. These workers can be either blue-collar or white-
collar workers, with varied levels of training or education.
 The training of a single employee in multiple skill-sets. Another definition regards
labour unions and their structure, which promotes workers who have a range of skills
or knowledge for working on several different projects, which may or may not be a
part of the worker's technical job description. This increases productivity and cuts the
bottom line for a company, which does not have to hire additional personnel to do
other jobs.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
VOLUNTARY WORKER:

 Voluntary workers are workers who do not qualify for the National Minimum Wage or National
Living Wage.
 A voluntary worker works for a charity, voluntary organisation, associated fund raising body or a
statutory body who does not receive:
 any benefits in kind, except some or all of his subsistence and/or accommodation which is reasonable
in the circumstances of the employment, nor
 any monetary payment, except
 reimbursement of expenses actually incurred (or reasonably estimated as likely to be or to have been
incurred) in the performance of their duties, for example purchase of required uniform or tools, or
 reimbursement of expenses actually incurred (or reasonably estimated as likely to be or to have been
incurred) to enable the worker to perform their duties and that are not accommodation expenses, for
example home to work transport costs or increased childcare costs.
 The only exception to these conditions is where the voluntary worker is employed to work under
arrangements made by a charity (in the course of its charitable purposes) and the work is done for
another charity, voluntary organisation, an associated fund-raising body or statutory body. In these
circumstances the subsistence may be paid instead of provided as a benefit in kind.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
CASUAL WORKER:

 Casual employees are employees who do not have regular or systematic hours of work or
an expectation of continuing work. A typical casual employee is employed on a daily basis
when the need arises.
 Casual employees are paid a loading to compensate them for lack of entitlements such as
annual leave, personal leave and the lack of continuity of work. Casual employees are not
entitled to notice of termination or redundancy. If casual employees are rostered to work
on public holidays, they are entitled to payment for that holiday.
 For casual employees, the award specifies that on each occasion the casual attends for
work they are entitled to a minimum payment of 3 hours’ work. This means that if the
employee is doing two milking's per day each milking must be paid at a minimum of 3
hours. You can’t add them together to make up the 3-hour minimum.
 The phrase ‘casual worker’ is often used to describe workers who are not part of the
permanent workforce, but who supply services on an irregular or flexible basis, often to
meet a fluctuating demand for work. Their legal rights will depend on their legal status: are
they employed, self-employed and/or a worker?
 Unlike workers, employees have protection against unfair dismissal, protection under TUPE,
the right to maternity or paternity pay or leave or statutory sick pay. Workers have no
right to a statement setting out the key terms of the contract or to statutory minimum
notice. Also the statutory grievance and disciplinary/dismissal procedures do not apply.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
HOURLY PAID WORKER:

 An hourly worker or hourly employee is an employee paid an hourly wage for their
services, as opposed to a fixed salary. Hourly workers may often be found in service and
manufacturing occupations, but are common across a variety of fields. Hourly
employment is often associated but not synonymous with at-will employment. As of
September 2017, the minimum wage in the United States for hourly workers is $7.25 per
hour, or $2.13 per hour for a tipped employee. As a tipped employee, wages plus tips
must equal the standard minimum wage or the employer is required to provide the
difference.
 Some cities and counties have also set higher minimum wages for their localities, but as
of 2017, 27 states had passed laws prohibiting local governments from setting higher
wages. See your state Department of Labour for details about the minimum wage in your
area.
 An hourly employee is paid for the number of hours they work per week up to 40 hours
at a determined rate. Per federal law, hourly workers are entitled to overtime pay for
hours worked over 40 hours per workweek.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES-
PIECEWORK:

 Piece work (or piecework) is any type of employment in which a worker is

paid a fixed piece rate for each unit produced or action performed regardless
of time.
 There are a number of employee/employer relationships which are now different from the traditional 9-5 job. A
person's employment status will determine their rights and their employer's responsibilities.

 Piece work is a type of employment when workers are paid for the piece of work or task they do, for example making
articles of clothing and getting paid a rate per piece of clothing produced. Although the working process is different,
piece workers should still receive the appropriate National Minimum (or Living) Wage.

 Key points
 Piece or output workers often work from home and are free to start and finish work when they like.

 Employers can decide to pay either the National Minimum (or Living) Wage or a fair rate for each piece produced or
task performed.

 The fair rate is the amount that allows an average worker to be paid at least the National Minimum (or Living) Wage
per hour.
RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
CAREERS ADVICE/SERVICE:

 Careers advice/service can be found anywhere, most commonly it is found in schools, colleges and
universities, and there will be someone who works thee for you to talk to about your future and what
you want to do. They will. Usually come up with the best plan for you and help you find work, weather
this is for a full time job or for an apprenticeship.They will help you find whatever is best suited to you.
 The National Careers Service is the publicly funded careers service for adults and young people (aged 13
or over) in England.
 Launched in April 2012, it brings together elements of previous publicly funded careers services for adults
and young people.
 The launch was reported by the BBC and commented on by organisations such as NIACE, the
Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services and NAEGA.
 The National Careers Service provides information, advice and guidance on learning, training, career
choice, career development, job search, and the labour market. It can be accessed online, by telephone,
and face to face (for people aged 19 and over).
 The aims of the service are to provide:
 “high-quality information about careers and skills, and independent, professional advice and guidance”
 “a focus on specialist careers guidance, built on the principles of independence and professional
standards”
 “information, advice and guidance both to inform and to stimulate demand for further education, work-
based training and higher education.”
RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
NATIONAL PRESS:

 MARKETING, COMMUNICATIONS information that is sent to newspapers,

journalists, etc. to make them more aware of a product or service, or a company or
organization: The press release and photos were added to the press communications
kit and sent to all the national press.
 This was a really good and easy way to find a job because in newspapers they
printed so many pages with lots of different jobs what are available, this was more of
a popular method when jobs didn’t really get posted on the internet and when the
internet wasn’t available. Now a days because jobs get posted on the internet
newspapers don’t really need to do this as much or not as many jobs in the
newspaper, it is still a good idea to put the jobs in them now because some people
still might not have access to the internet but might need a job and that could be
their only way of finding one.
RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
PERSONAL CONTACTS- “WHO YOU KNOW”:

 An individual's private or personal information by which another person,

business, or entity can use to reach the individual. For example, a company
database may have its employees' private and public contact information for
purposes of reaching an employee for various reasons. This can also be used to
indicate a person. For example, an individual may say that he or she has a contact
at XYZ Company, meaning the individual knows a person at XYZ Company and
has a way of reaching this person.
 Term used to describe reaching out to or being in touch with another person,
business or entity.
RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
NETWORKING:
 Creating a group of acquaintances and associates and keeping it active through regular communication for
mutual benefit. Networking is based on the question "How can I help?" and not with "What can I get?
 Getting in early. A job opening you find out about from someone in your network may not have been
made public yet. If you respond to such information with a speculative letter, then you are already one
step ahead of potential competition.
 Assessing the market. A network can keep you informed about the job market informally even when
you are not seeking work. This may help you to better establish your market worth or to discover new
growth sectors.
 Switching career. Although you may have had two or three jobs in the same sector, you may be better
cut out for work in another industry.Your employer will seldom point this out to you, but a professional
contact in a connected sector may well do.
 Being known. When you apply for jobs from scratch, you need to create a first impression and it may be
hard to get a foot in the door as a result. Networking for jobs often means that something is already
known about you thus helping to overcome that initial barrier.
 Developing potential. Being stuck in a rut is common enough in many career paths. Keep your options
open by having a network of people you interact with in your job and learn from how and when their
careers make progress.
 Lessening time between jobs. If you are no longer employed, then having networked a bit beforehand
can mean that you spend less time searching for a new position. It could mean you are able to line
something up immediately and don't spend any time out of work at all.
 RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
WORD OF MOUTH:

 Oral or written recommendation by a satisfied customer to the prospective

customers of a good or service. Considered to be the most effective form of
promotion, it is also called word of mouth advertising which is incorrect
because, by definition, advertising is a paid and non-personal communication.
 This is a very effective way of knowing about a job what is available, this was
most common when the internet wasn’t really something used, as when the
internet wasn’t a thing this would have been the only way someone would
know about a job. It is also a really good way for businesses to get more
customers, as if someone comes out of a business and the staff and everything
was good then they will go and tell someone and then they will god and it goes
on and on. This works so well because people trust each other and they know
that if they are saying something is good then it must be good.
 RECRUITMENT & CONTACTS-
INTERNET:

 The definition of the internet is "A global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication protocols."
 Most jobs now are found on the internet. A company will post that they are looking
to hire, they will usually post this on a jobs website for example indeed.co.uk. The
company would put a description of the job and then skills what are required for the
person who is applying for the job these usually include what grades they got in
school and what other skills they will need when working with this company. They
will also put the salary, sometime these might not be true depending on the job what
they will be working.