Iran Nuclear Deal: A Non-Proliferation

Agreement: Success of Diplomacy

By Sharza Shakeel | Course: Diplomacy | Lecturer: Ms. Nadia Awan | IIUI
 Does Iran has the Right to
Develop Nuclear Power
NPT permits the Iran’s to develop Nuclear, however, sometimes states have limited
option to decide between their Rights and betterment of their Citizen.
 Three Periods
BACKGROUND
 2003—2005, Iran's secret nuclear activities
disclosed

 2006— 2012, Referral of the file to the Security

Council and imposition of harsh sanctions

Hint: 2002  2013—2015, Serious Negotiations, which

resulted in the adoption of the JCPOA
 HOW IRAN’S NUCLEAR DISCLOSED

A press conference by the National Council of Resistance of

Iran, a group in political opposition to the Islamic Republic of
Iran, held in Washington DC on 14 August 2002. It was claimed
in this conference that Iran was secretly building a plant for
enrichment of uranium at industrial level in Natanz, a small town
in central Iran.
 ► First: Sanction 2006
Sanctions ► Second: 23 December 2006 and

► Third: 24 March 2007

► Forth: 2008 (Security Council resolutions

1803 and 1835)
Hint: UNSC
Resolution ►Fifth: June 2010 (Counter: Iran’s 20%

1696 enriched uranium announcement)

 September 2009 news of yet
another undeclared Iranian Fuel
Enrichment plant, in Fordow,
close to the city of Qom
 Agreements from 2003-2015

► Tehran Declaration of 21 October 2003

► Paris Agreement in 2004
► August 2005- Cooperation Proposals
► June 2006 - carrots and sticks proposal
► 24 November 2013 - adoption of the Joint Plan
of Action in Geneva
 Nuclear Deal Chronology

►14 July 2015 — Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

(JCPOA) finalized
►20 July 2015 — Security Council Resolution 2231
(Endorsement Day)
► 18 October 2015 (Adoption Day)
► 16 January 2016 (Implementation Day)
IRAN-JCPOA: Nuclear Deal
14 July 2015
 STRUCTURE OF THE DEAL

Subjects of the Deal

►Nuclear
►Implementation Plan
►Dispute Resolution Mechanism
IAEA’s Surveillance
JCPOA – The Legal Nature Of The Document

Political Deal

Approved by
Both
Treaty not an Parliaments
Agreement
 Dispute Settlement Mechanism

► Articles 36 and 37 of the JCPOA

► the Joint Commission - 15 days to resolve it
►Ministers for Foreign Affairs - 15 days to resolve the issue

AND
► Advisory Board consisting of three persons
►a non-binding opinion within 15 days
►Joint Commission will consider the opinion within five more days
 Conclusion: A SUCCESS OF DIPLOMACY

► Major Non-Proliferation Treaty

► Diplomacy is strength not weakness
► Peaceful resolution of international crisis
► World Reopened for Iran
► Diplomacy is about dealing with your enemy, not your friend
► To break the “securitized environment”
► Reduced the Revolutionary Guards’ control of the economy
Any Question?