Graphic Organizers

- are communication tools that

uses visual symbols to express
knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or
ideas, and the relationship between
them.
Graphic organizers are visual representation of
knowledge that structures the information by
arranging important aspects of a concept or
topic in to pattern using labels. - Bromley, DeVitis
and Modlo (1999).

Serve as mental tools to help students

understand and retain important information and
relationships. - Vygotsky (1962)
 Help students
Help students cluster Help students
sequence information.
and brainstorm ideas organize their
and information. thoughts in a logical
way.

Help students determine Help students organize

cause-effect relationship. Graphic information visually.
Organizers

Help students develop

Help students analyze and analysis skills to be able
prioritize information. to formulate plans,
processes.
Help students
evaluate criteria for
decision making.
 Types Uses Example
Star/web Use to show definitions attributes,
examples and brainstorming.
Fishbone map , Spider web

Chart/Matrix Use to show attributes, comparing

and contrasting and evaluating.
T-chart, Venn Diagram, Compare-
contrast Matrix, PMI, Continuum
Scale, Ranking, KWLH, Synectics

Tree/Map Use to show classifications,

pedigrees, analysis of structures,
attributes, examples and
brainstorming.
Network tree, Cerebral chart,
Questions , Categories, Hypothesis
Matrix

Chain Use to show processes, sequences, Series of events chain, Bridging

causes and effects, and Snapshots, Human Interaction
chronology Outline, Time Sequence Pattern
Organizer

Sketch Use to show physical structures,

descriptions of places, spatial
relationships and visual images
Fishbone Map
is used to show
the interaction of a
complex event or
interrelation of ideas
and topics
Spider Map
is used to
describe a central
idea: a thing,
process, concept, or
proposition with
support.
T- Chart is used to analyze
and differences
between two things by
placing individual
characteristics in either
the left or right
sections.
Venn Diagram
is used to analyze
similarities and
differences between
two things, events ,
people, places or
ideas.
Compare/contrast Matrix
is used to show
similarities and
differences two
things .
PMI Evaluating is used to
show positive, negative,
and interesting attributes
of a subject, concept,
topic, solution in order to
determine the nature of
the outcome and
whether it will worth
continuing or not.
Continuum Scale
is used for time lines
showing historical events
or ages, degrees of
something, shades of
meaning or rating
scales.
 is used when
Ranking prioritizing elements
from most important
to least important;
relative position or
standing, a series of
things or persons; or
an orderly
arrangement.
Cycle
is used to show how
a series of events
interact to produce a
set of results again
and again.
Bridging Snapshots
is used to see
changes over time,
reveal the sequence of
step-by-step methods,
illustrate complex
processes and show
cause and effect.
KWLH
-help
students
activate prior
knowledge.
Synectics -provides an
approach to creative
thinking that depends
on looking at, what
appears on surface as,
unrelated
phenomenon and
drawing relevant
connections.
Network Tree
-is used to
show casual
information or
hierarchy or
branching
procedures.
Cerebral Chart
-use
hierarchies, yet
tend to be
more free from
in the
beginning.
Web - is used list facts,
definitions,
attributes, or
examples related
to a single topic,
concept, or theme.
Hypothesis Matrix
Hypothesis is a
proposition, or set of
propositions, set forth as
an explanation for the
occurrence of some
specified group of
phenomena.
How to use
Graphic
Organizers
 Choose one type of organizer to
introduce to the class.
 Introduce the concept of a
graphic organizer.
 Present the chosen graphic
organizer to the class.
 Model using the graphic organizer to the
class.
 Guide the class through another example
using the same type of graphic organizer.
 Assign an independent exercise that
allows students to complete a graphic
organizer on their own.
How to Read Graphic Organizers

 Start in the center or at the top

 Look for arrows
Determine the organizational
structure
Consider relationship
Benefits in using
graphic
organizers
Teachers :
 Make lesson interactive
 Help visual learners to acquire information easily
 Assess what students know

Students:
 Understand concepts from part to whole
 Improve memory
 Record relationships