mBIOMASS GASIFICATION

mBIOMASS GASIFIER AND TYPES OF GASIFIER

mPROCESSES IN GASIFIER
mGASIFICATION SYSTEM
mADVANTAGES AND DIADVANTAGES
 BIOMASS GASIFICATION
m It is a manufacturing process that converts hydrocarbon
into synthesis gas.
m Incomplete combustion of biomass.
m Hydrocarbon feedstock injected with oxygen and steam
into high temperature pressurized reactor to give
synthesis gas.
m Results in production of combustible gases like CO,H2
and traces of CH4.
m It can provide economical viable system.
 BIOMASS GASIFIER
It is reactor in which partial combustion of biomass takes
place at higher temperature to give producer gas.
TYPES OF GASIFIER
They are classified according to the way air or oxygen are
introduced in it.
m "
RAFT GASIFIER
m
OWN
RAFT GASIFIER
m CROSS
RAFT GASIFIER
The choice of one gasifier over the other is dictated by the
fuel its final available form , its size , moisture and ash
content.
"
RAFT GASIFIER
A
ANTAGES:-
m Small pressure drop
m Good thermal efficiency
m Little tendency of slag
formation.

ISA
ANTAGES:-
m Great sensitivity to tar and
moisture content.
m oor reaction capability
with heavy gas load.

OWN
RAFT GASIFIER
ADVANTAGES:-
m Flexible adaptation of gas
production to load
m Low sensitivity to charcoal
dust and tar content of
fuel
DISADVANTAGES:-
m Design tends to be tall
m Not feasible for very small
particle size of fuel
CROSS
RAFT GASIFIER
A
ANTAGES:-
m Short design height
m ery fast response to load
m Flexible gas production

ISA
ANTAGES:-
m ery high sensitivity to slag
formation
m High pressure drop
Four different process that takes place
in the gasifier during gasification
m
rying of fuel
m yrolysis- a process in which tar and other
volatiles are driven off
mCombustion
mReduction
rocess zones of updraft gasifier
rocess zones of downdraft gasifier
rocess zones of crossdraft gasifier
mCOMB"STION ZONE:-
In combustion zone carbon dioxide is obtained
from carbon in fuel , water in the form of steam is
obtained from hydrogen.
It is an exothermic reaction which yields
temperature of 1400 degree Celsius
C + O2-------CO2
½H2 + O2-----½H2O
mRE
"CTION ZONE:-
roducts of partial combustion now pass through red
hot charcoal bed where reduction reaction takes place.
C + CO2--------½CO-(1)
C + H2O-------- CO+H2-(2)
C + ½H2------------ CH4
CO2 + H2---------- CO + H2O
Reaction (1) & (½) are the main reduction reaction ,
endothermic in nature , hence reducing gas
temperature.
Temperature in reduction region is normally 800-1000
degree Celsius.
m ROLSIS ZONE:-
It mainly occurs at temperature range (½80-500) degree
Celsius produces large quantities of tar and gases
containing CO2.
At temperature region of (500-700) degree Celsius ,
there is less production of tar and other form of gases.
Thus updraft will produce much more tar then
downdraft .
m
rying zone:-
It is for drying of biomass materials to reduce the
moisture content
 Gasification system
m COOLING AN
CLEANING OF GASES:-
Temperature of gas coming out is normally 300-500 degree
Celsius.
Cooling of gases is required to raise its energy density.
In drying category cyclone filters are used .
It is useful for size of the particle of 5 micro metre and
above.
As particles size are above 60 micro metre , it is an excellent
cooling device.
After passing through cyclone filter, gas still contains tar and
fine dust particles.
This is then passed through wet scrubber.
In wet scrubber gas is washed with water in counter current
mode.
In this scrubber acts like a cooler , now gas is passed to cloth
filter for final cleaning.
In cloth filter , any condensation of water on it stops the gas flow
as increase of pressure drop across it.
Thus the clean producer gas is passed through turbine coupled
with generator to produce electricity.
Additional heat is conserved in his process to produce steam to
drive steam turbine to produce electricity.
roducer gas plant
 Benefits of gasification
mIt produces lower quantities air pollutants.
mIt can reduce environmental effects of waste
disposal.
mIts byproduct is non-hazardous and easily
marketable.
mIt provides cleanest and most efficient way to
produce electricity.
mIt significantly use low water than coal combustion
plants.

isadvantages of gasification
mElectricity can be used for domestic use only.
mLower quantities of air pollutants like nitrogen oxide
and sulphur dioxide is still there.
mAs pure oxygen is required for combustion process
which can be generated by plant is costly.
 References:-
m
utta R. and
utt G.S. roducer gas engines in
villages of loss developed countries.
mwww.gasification.org
mwww.google.com
mBiomass gasification by Anil.K.Rajvanshi