Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5/27/2018
Reflection: A Definition (1)
Tate, S. & Sills, M. (eds) (2004) p 126 The Development of Critical Reflection in the
Health Professions. London; Higher Education Authority.
Reflective practice / critical reflection : what is
it?
• Process of review to inform learning (eg:
Schon, etc)
• Active, persistent and careful consideration of
any belief or supposed form of knowledge
(Dewey 1933)
• Mental process of trying to restructure
existing knowledge and insights
(Korthagen 2001)
Reflection in nursing practice…
Formal Reflection
• Draws on research & theory
• Provides guidance & frameworks for practice.
Sources of reflection.
• Everyday events
• Positive experiences
• Negative experiences
• Eventful incidents
• Unusual incidents
• Routine activities
• Important events
• Meaningful events
5/27/2018
So why is it important in Nursing
Practice
Reflection is seen as helping to
bridge the theory practice gap
reduce practices based on custom and
practice
develop and understand your practice,
decisions made, lessons learnt and
implication of these for future practice
ensure that care remains patient centred
and based in the patient experience
Skills / attitudes for reflection
• Willing to learn from experience and
change things
• Able to make time for reflection
• Being open and honest
• Willing to share and discuss your
experiences
• Being motivated to replay / describe /
analyse experiences
• Able to make an action plan
5/27/2018
WHAT does the process of REFLECTION
involve?
By engaging in reflection people are usually engaging in a
period of thinking in order to examine often complex
experiences or situations.
• Original thinking
• Creativity
Final
Evaluation and What were
Action Plan – your Feelings
What would and how did
you do you react?
differently?
Conclusion – Initial
What have you Evaluation of
learnt from the
reflecting on experience –
this What was
experience? Critical good and bad
Analysis – about it?
What sense
did you make
of the
experience?
Williams and Rutter (2007) based on
Gibbs
Description: What happened?
Feelings: What were you thinking and feeling?
Evaluation: What was good and bad about the
experience?
Analysis: What sense can you make of the
situation?
Conclusion: What else could you have done?
Action Plan: What was learnt? If it arose again,
what would you do?
DESCRIPTION
• What happened?
• Describe what
happened.
So what?
Now what?
Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985)
An individual:
recaptures their experience
thinks about it
mulls it over (perhaps with others)
evaluates it
acts on the reflection
Korthagen’s reflective onion
o Environment
o Behaviour
o Competences
o Beliefs
o Identity
o Mission
Kolb: Experiential learning
Concrete experience - What was the event?
Reflective Observation - What are your
personal thoughts and
feelings about the
experience?
Abstract Conceptualisation - How can you draw on
previous experiences and on
your knowledge to help you
‘make sense’ of this
experience?
Active Experimentation - If this event were to occur
again, what would you do
differently?
- What additional knowledge
do you need to gain?
Skills for reflection
Self awareness
• enables a person to analyse feelings. It
involves an honest examination of how a
situation has affected the individual and how
the individual has affected the situation.
Description
• involves the ability to recognise and recollect
accurately significant events and key features
of an experience and to give an account of
the situation (TIP: Keep focused with this
bit.)
Any questions???