Why Bodies Float

Rayat Shikshan Sanstha,Karmaveer Vidyaprabodhini,Madhya vibhag,Satara.
13.Why bodies float Logylogyat
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Sub-Science &Technology y
Std-9th Topic- Why Bodies float ?
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13.1.Thrust
13.2. Pressure in Fluids
13.3. Pressure Exerted by a gas
13.4. Liquid PressureLogylogyat
13.5. Buoyant Force
13.6. Archimedes’ Principle
13.7. Relative Density
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THRUST
13 .1.Activity
1)Press your thumb against a piece of paper
Logylogyat
•Now press the pointed end of a pin against the same piece of
paper.
•Do you notice any difference?
•Answer- When pressed , the pointed end of the pin presses
easily through the piece of paper. That does not happen when
we press the thumb against the piece of paper.
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• The force acting on an object perpendicular to the

surface is called thrust.
• The thrust on a unit surface area is called pressure.
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Pressure= thrust/area
SI unit of pressure is N/m2 . It is also called pascal in
honour of the scientist Blaise Pascle
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BLAISE PASCAL
• He was a French physicist and mathematician.
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He formulated pascal's law of pressure.He
constructed mercury Barometer and
measuring air pressure.
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PRESSURE IN FLUIDS
• Activity
 Take two rubber balloon.
 Fill one with water and blow air into other.
 Now prick both balloonsLogylogyat
with a pin.
 What do you observe?
Answer-Water and air both come out of the balloons. Air escapes
quickly compared to water and produces a loud sound.
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FLUIDS
• Liquids and gases are called fluids.
• Fluids exert pressure on the base and walls of
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the container that holds them, due to weight

of fluid.
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PRESSURE EXERTED BY GAS

• Activity
 Take an empty can
 Pour small quantity of waterLogylogyat
in it . Boil this water for a few
minutes until the steam has driven out the air.
 Now close the can with the stopper tightly.
 Allow it to cool by pouring cold water over it.
 What do you observe?
 Answer- The can gets gradually crushed.
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• In the atmosphere , the force exerted on the

unit surface area by the weight of the air
column above it is called
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the atmospheric
pressure.
• At the sea level it is about 105 N/m2
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THINK WHY?
• Some people feel their ears popping at the top
of a mountain. Logylogyat
• Some people feel breathless as they climb

higher and higher on a mountain.
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LIQUID PRESSURE
• Pressure increases with the depth and is
proportional to the density of the liquid.
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• P d h
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Buoyant force
1] Take a full bucket of water
Try to push inverted
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glass bottle into bucket.
What do you experienced?
Answer-we experienced that an upward force
on the bottle due to the water in the bucket
opposing the downward motion of the bottle.
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• The upward force exerted by a liquid(a fluid an

general)on a body completely or partially
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immersed in it is called upthrust or buoyant.
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ARCHIMEDES
 C. 213 7 – 212 BC
 Greek mathematician,
physicist and engineer
 First to calculate the ratio of
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a circle’s circumference to
it’s diameter (π)
 Calculated volumes of
various shapes
 Discovered the nature of
the buoyant force
 Inventor of many practical
devices:
 Catapults, levers, screws, etc.
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ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
When a body is immersed partially in a fluid , it
experiences an upward force that is equal to the
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weight of the fluid displaced by it
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DENSITY & RELATIVE DENSITY

• Ratio of mass to volume is called density.
• Density = mass / volume
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• SI unit is kg/m3 and CGS UNIT is g/cm3.

• Relative density = density of substance / density of water.
• It is also called specific gravity of a substance. It has

no unit. L
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EXAMPLE
Calculate pressure exerted by a screw on the wooden
plank if area of contact of the screw is 0.5 mm2 and
its weight is 50 N.
Given : Area = 0.5 mm2 0.5 X 10-6 m2
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weight of the screw = thrust = 50 N
pressure = ?
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Solution :
pressure = thrust
area
= 50
10-6 -6
-6
0.5 x 10 10
= 100 x 10-6 N/m2
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2) A metal block having mass 10 kg with its length 50 cm,

breadth 20 cm and heigth 10 cm. Calculate pressure
exerted by metal block when it is mead to lie on a table top
with surface – (a) ABCD (b) DCFE (c) BCFG.
Solution :
Thurst = Weight of metal block
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= mg
= 10 X 9.8
= 98 N
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(a) For surface ABCD, L = 50 cm, b = 20 cm

Area = length X breadth
= 50 cm X 20 cm
= 1000 cm2
= 0.1 m2
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Pressure = Thrust
Area
= 98
0.1
= 980 N/m2 L
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(b) For surface DCFE , l = 50 b = 10cm

Area = length x breadth
= 50 cm x 10 cm
= 500 cm2
= 0.05m2
pressure = ThrustLogylogyat
Area
= 98
0.05
= 1960 N/m2
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(c) For surface BCFG, l = 20 cm b = 10cm

Area = length x breadth
= 20cm x 10cm
= 200 cm2
= 0.02 m2
Pressure = Thrust Logylogyat
Area
= 98
0.02
= 4900 N/m2
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EXAMPLE
• If density of water is 103 kg/m3 and density of copper is 8 .9 X
103 kg/m3 . Calculate relative density of copp?
Given-Density of water-103kg/m3
density of copper-8.9X10 Logylogyat
3kg/ m3
Relative density = Density of copper

Density of water
= 8.9X103 kg/m3
103 kg/m3
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= 8.9 o
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Std-9th Topic- Why Bodies float
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Logylogyat
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Why Bodies Float

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Rayat Shikshan Sanstha,Karmaveer Vidyaprabodhini,Madhya vibhag,Satara.

13.Why bodies float Logylogyat

• The force acting on an object perpendicular to the

the container that holds them, due to weight

PRESSURE EXERTED BY GAS

• In the atmosphere , the force exerted on the

• Some people feel breathless as they climb

• The upward force exerted by a liquid(a fluid an

DENSITY & RELATIVE DENSITY

• SI unit is kg/m3 and CGS UNIT is g/cm3.

• It is also called specific gravity of a substance. It has

2) A metal block having mass 10 kg with its length 50 cm,

(a) For surface ABCD, L = 50 cm, b = 20 cm

(b) For surface DCFE , l = 50 b = 10cm

(c) For surface BCFG, l = 20 cm b = 10cm

Relative density = Density of copper

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