EEng-3204 Power System-I

Lecture 1
Course Introduction

Adama University
School of Engineering & Information Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering
Power Engineering Stream
By Tahaguas Andemariam
2012
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 Course Outline

Course Objectives
The course aims to introduce students to the fundamentals of power systems.
•The students will have a sound understanding of fundamentals of power
systems and modelling power system components for power transmission and
distribution.
•The students will be able to understand analytical methods for calculation of
line parameters.
•The students will have a sound understanding of performance analysis of
transmission lines, cable and overhead line insulators.

Pre-request Courses: EEng -2204: Introduction to Electrical Machines;

Year/Semester: Third year/ SEM-II;
Status of Course: Compulsory;
Teaching Methods: Lecture supported by tutorial, assignment & lab. exercises;
Course Requirements: Assig. 10%, Mid-Sem. Exam 30%, Final Examination 60%
Attendance Requirements: 75% Lecture Attendance.

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Course Content:
1.FUNDAMENTALS
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Historical Development of Electric Power System
1.1.2 Source of Energy
1.2 AC and DC transmission
1.3 Single-phase and three-phase transmission
1.4 Complex power
1.5 Structure of a power system Introduction to power transformers, CTs and PTs
1.REPRESENTATION OF POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1.Single-phase solution of balanced three-phase networks
2.One-line diagram and impedance or reactance diagram
3.Per unit (p.u.) system
2.TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS
1.Resistance of transmission lines
2.Skin effect and proximity effect
3.Inductance of single-phase two-wire line,
4.composite conductor lines,
5.three-phase line with unsymmetrical spacing,
6.double circuit 3-phase lines & bundled conductors
7.Capacitance of a two-wire line,
8.Three-phase line with equilateral and Unsymmetrical spacing,
9.Effect of earth on transmission line capacitance 3
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1.MECHANICAL DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINES

1.Sag and Tension Calculations
2.Effect of Wind and Ice
3.Stringing chart
4.Sag template
2.CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES
5.1 Classification of Lines
5.2 Representation of Transmission Lines
5.2.1 Short Lines
5.2.2 Medium Lines
5.2.3 Long Lines
5.3 Steady – State Performance – Efficiency and Regulation
1.CORONA
1.Introduction
2.Disruptive Critical Voltage
3.Corona Loss
4.Line Design Based on Corona
5.Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona

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1.OVERHEAD LINE INSULATORS

1.Types of Insulators
2.Ratings of Insulators
3.Potential distribution over a string of insulators
4.Methods of equalizing potential
2.UNDERGROUND CABLES
1.Cable Types
2.Capacitance of single-core and three-core cables
3.Insulation resistance of a cable
4.Power factor and heating of cables

Text Books:
•Dr. George G. Karady, Dr. Keith E. Holbert, Electrical Energy Conversion and Transport:
An Interactive Computer-Based Approach, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2005.
•J. D. Glover and M. S. Sarma, Power System Analysis and Design, Brooks/Cole, Third
Edition.
•Allen J. Wood and B.F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control, 2nd
Edition, John Wiley, 1996.
•C. L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power Systems, New Age International Publishers, 2004.

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 1. Fundamentals

1.1 Introduction to Power System

Power System is a network of high tension wires/cables by which Electrical

power transmitted and distributed throughout a region.
Power System consists of the following main components:
Generation System- Energy Conversion Methods
Transmission System- Ultra-high, Extra-high, High and Medium Voltage levels
Distribution System- Low voltage levels
The Load or Energy sink- Resistive, Capacitive and inductive Electrical devices

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Single line diagram of a Power System Structure

Generation Transmission
System System
15,20 kV 400,500 kV 400,500 kV 66,45 kV
Generator-1
Large
Consumers

Step-up Step-down
Transformer 132,230 kV Transformer

Distribution
System
Generator-2 400,500 kV
15,20 kV 132,230 kV
66,45 kV
Step-down
Transformer
Step-up
Transformer 33,15 kV

11,11.5 kV
400/220 V
33/15 kV
Medium
Generator-3 and small
Consumers

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Cont’d

Power System main components

1.Generation System

Types of Energy Resources:

•Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Atomic energy (Fossil fuel resources)
•Solar, Hydro, wind, hot water/spring, Biomass (Renewable energy
Resources)
Types of Energy Conversion Methods/Generation Systems:
•Diesel Generator, Gas Turbine, Steam Turbine, Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
(CCGT), Steam Injected Gas Turbine, Nuclear power (Conventional systems)
•PV System, Solar Thermal, Hydropower, Wind Power, Geothermal, Biomass
(Renewable conversion systems)

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2. Transmission Systems:
This component of the power system transmits the bulk electrical energy
from generation stations where it is produced to the main load centres.
The transmission system is composed of:
• Step-up and Step-don substations
• Transmission lines
3.Distribution Systems
The distribution system gives out the energy from the medium voltage
substations to customers’ location. It is composed of:
• Medium Voltage (MV) lines (33kV, 15 kV)
• MV/LV transformer substations (33/15/ kV to 400/380/220 V)
• Distribution lines (33/15 kV, 380 V 3-phase and 220 v single phase)

4. Load or Energy Sink:

Load is the end equipment of the power system where the transmitted
electrical energy is converted to other forms of useful energy.

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 0.2 Objectives of Power System

The main objectives of the power system are

•To generate adequate energy for supplying the customers’ demand at low price,
efficient conversion system and low environmental and social impacts
•To transmit this energy from long distances of generation stations to the load
centres at low price, more efficient, stable and reliable conditions.
•To distribute the transmitted energy from substations to customers’ at a quality
service, low price and efficient utilization of the energy.

Power system Planning is optimization of facilities necessary to provide adequate

electrical energy in a power system network at a least cost, low environmental
and social impacts through which a sustainable energy supply to customers is
attained. Thus, power system planning gives the necessary basis and jumpstart for
a detail power system design.

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