Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Turbine
Nozzle
Heat
Exchanger
Diffuser
Mass as well as heat and work can cross the control surface
and the mass in the control volume as well as the properties
of this mass can change with time.
Wcv
inlet i
mi , Pi , Ti ,vi , dmcv dE cv
dt dt exit
hi ,ui ,Vi , Zi
e m , P , T ,v ,
e e e e
he ,ue ,Ve , Ze
Qcv
Control Volume
Mass Balance or continuity equation
dmcv
mi me
dt
Rate of change of mass Net rate of mass transfer
Mass balance: mi me m
Energy balance 1 2 1 2
Qcv mi hi Vi gZi me he Ve gZe Wcv
(1st law): 2 2
1 2 1 2
or, q hi Vi gZ i he Ve gZ e w
2 2
Qcv Wcv
where, q , kJ / kg; w , kJ / kg
m m
Turbine (Positive work)
Energy: i
w
1 1
Qcv mi hi Vi 2 gZi me he Ve2 gZe Wcv
2 2
Or,
1 1 e
q hi Vi 2 gZ i he Ve2 gZ e w
2 2
q
Neglecting K.E and P.E Changes
q hi he w
w q hi he kJ / kg
Wcv Qcv m hi he
Pump/ Compressor (Negative work)
Energy: 1 w
1 1
Qcv m1 h1 V12 gZ1 m2 h2 V22 gZ2 Wcv
2 2
or,
1 1 2
q h1 V12 gZ1 h2 V22 gZ2 w q
2 2
Wcv Qcv m h1 h2
nozzle diffuser
Wcv Qcv 0
1 1
q hi Vi 2 gZi he Ve2 gZe w
2 2
1 1
0 hi Vi 2 he Ve2 0
2 2
Home Assignment
1
w
1 2 1 2
Qcv m1 h1 V1 gZ1 m2 h2 V2 gZ2 Wcv
2 2
1 1
0 m h1 V12 m h2 V22 Wcv
2 2 2
q Wcv 1 2
h1 h2 V2 V12
m 2
A1V1 A1V1P1
m AV 250 1
v1 RT1 cp T1 T2
2.874 2*1000
1502 802
0.006*80*900
2.874kg / s T2 540.3K 267.30 C
0.2081*723
Air enters a compressor operating at steady state at a pressure of 1bar, a
temperature of 290K and a velocity of 6m/s through an inlet with an area of
0.1m2. At the exit the pressure is 7bar, the temperature is 450K and the
velocity is 2m/s. Heat transfer from the compressor to its surroundings occurs
at a rate of 180kJ/min. Employing the ideal gas model, calculate the power
input to compressor in kW. -118.76kW
1 w 1 1
Qcv m1 h1 V12 gZ1 m2 h2 V22 gZ2 Wcv
2 2
1 2
Wcv Qcv m h1 h2 m V1 V22
2
180 1
2 Wcv 0.72* cp T1 T2 0.72* 62 22
q 60 2*1000
A1V1 A1V1P1
m AV W 118.76 kW
v1 RT1
0.1*6*100
0.72kg / s
0.287*290
Air modeled as an ideal gas flows through the compressor and heat
exchanger shown in Fig. The power input to the compressor is 100 kW.
A separate liquid cooling water stream flows through the heat
exchanger. All data are for operation at steady state. Stray heat
transfer with the surroundings can be neglected, as can all kinetic and
potential energy changes. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of the air,
in kg/s, and (b) the mass flow rate of the cooling water, in kg/s.
(0.4523kg/s, 1.623kg/s)
Turbine:
1 2 1 2
Qcv m1 h1 V1 gZ1 m2 h2 V2 gZ2 Wcv
2 2
Wcv 100
m1 m2
h1 h2 1.005*(280 500)
0.4523 kg / s
Heat Exchanger:
m2 h2 h3 m4 h5 h4
0.4523*1.005*(500 350) m4 *4.2*(30 20)
m4 1.623 kg / s