Population

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 Lesson 1: Characteristics and Distribution of NZ Population

Key Questions:
1. What are some of the key figures of the NZ population?
2. Where is the NZ population located?

Skills: mapping

Do Now:
On the piece of blank paper, draw a map of New Zealand and locate as
many of these features as possible:
Auckland
Christchurch
Tauranga
New Plymouth
Southern Alps
Wellington
Lake Taupo
Dunedin
Activity 1: NZ Population Characteristics
Match the numbers to the categories in your table.

aging 2,803,673
4,143,279

0.935 75
2,209,200

538,049
13.94 0.502

871,696
7.05 4,376,300 4
Activity 2: NZ Population Distribution
There are three tasks to complete ACCURATELY and NEATLY on each map
Refer to page 10 Anderson text book
Glue in the maps so they do not get lost!
After you have glued in the maps copy the following in your books:

The distribution of NZs population is uneven. This is

because people traditionally tend to locate where
relief and climatic conditions are favourable.
Densely populated areas tend to be associated
with rich agriculture and intensive farming,
industrial zones and urban centres. Most of the
people live on the fertile plains and river deltas
close to rivers and the sea.
Where do people live
in New Zealand?

1/3 live in the

Auckland region

76% live in the

North Island
87% live in cities
and
towns

52% live in the 56% live in the 4

Northern regions LARGEST urban
(Northland, Auckland
areas
Waikato, Bay of
(Auckland, Christchurch,
Plenty)
Hamilton, Napier-Hastings)
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?

MURIWAI BEACH
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?

WELLINGTON
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?
NAPIER
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?
TAIHAPE
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?

ABEL TASMAN NATIONAL PARK

 Lesson 2: Natural Features Influencing Population Density

Key Questions:
1. What are some of the natural features that influence where people do
and don’t live?

Skills: mapping

Do Now:
List THREE positives and THREE negatives about the natural environment
of Auckland.
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map

So ps- ino
Al nta oils
m thin

ut ver us,
ou s

he y
rn
Le peo km
ss pl
2 r sq
Pe

th e
an
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
More
25Populationthan FlaNZ
peop map
distribution t laLandforms
nd, e
sq km le pe map
build asy t
(A r o o
more u cklan more n, trave
than d favou l-
100) rable
 Climate is really
important.
We like lots of
sun and warmth,
not too much rain!
Its important for our
farming and agriculture
produce (fruit, wine)
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map

Lo er 2
Ov
ts 00
Le peo km

o f 0m
ss pl
2 r sq
Pe

ra m
th e

in -
an

Southern Southern
Alps Alps
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map

Between 6- Reason
25
People sq k
m Rainfal able
l-farmin
Waikato g
Waikato
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map

Re th
Le

all an
ss

yc 6
Le peo km
ss pl
2 r sq

old °C
Pe

th e

-
an

Southern Southern
Alps Alps
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map Auckland/
Auckland/ map
Northland
Northland
Warm-settled
More than 25 by Maori first,
People sq km Kumara growin
g
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map

Le 00 h shi
18 sun
ss ou ne
Le peo km

Of
ss pl

t h rs
2 r sq
Pe

an
th e
an

Southern Southern
Alps Alps
 Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours
Population
NZ Landforms
distribution map
map
Gisborne/ Gisborne/
Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay

6-25 people Wine growing

Per sq km regions
Important Geographic Ideas
– In Geography we have 11 IGIs that we should
always try to use when explaining geographic
concepts.

– When explaining where people live we should

try to use at least one of the following IGIs:
REG Refer to specific
areas/ regions
and how regions
differ from one
another

ions
 B
I

I
SS

A L I T
CE

This refers to how easy or difficult it is to get to

Y
different regions (places)
 h e n e
ce w s li k
s t an lac e
t o di e t o p
e fe r c lo s
a n r p le t li ne
c
We why peo he coas
i ng nd t
plain e rs a
ex riv
 O
N C
O L A
We use this IGI a
lot because we

I T must always give

specific
information
PATTERN
We can use this IGI to look at patterns that can occur
in terms of where groups of people live
Using the maps and info on pages 9-12, choose:
– 1 sparsely populated area
– 1 areas with high population density
from both the North and South Island on the maps
you did yesterday.
 Write annotated (notes) summarising the natural
factors that repel and attract people (include
specific information and IGIs) there.
 For each one, try to find ONE similar example from
India.
Landforms: Mountainous regions
REPEL, like the Southern Alps,
which have a population
density of less than 1 person
per km² because the area is
steep making accessibility
difficult.
This is similar to the situation in
the Himalayas in northern
India, where the population is
less than 6 people per km2
DO NOW:

Choose to answer one of the following:

 If you could live anywhere in NZ where would you

live and why?

 Which island has the best natural environment for

people? Justify (explain) your answer.

– Include specific information and natural factors in your

answer
Cultural factors relating to population
distribution
 Relate to people
 They may be social (relating to peoples
personal needs) or economic (relating to
peoples needs to earn and spend money and
generate wealth)
 Often social and economic factors are linked
 Historical cultural factors
 Maori lived in tribal areas with others who shared
the same history and family connections.
 They chose defensive sites overlooking transport
routes (rivers) for their pas and placed their
villages and gardens nearby.
 There was safety in numbers
 After 1840…
 NZ became part of the British Empire and was
linked to societies in other parts of the world.
 Soon NZers were living in towns, earning and
spending money, producing and consuming goods
and services.
 Transport and trading systems provided links
 Tasks
 Heading in books:
New Zealanders are concentrated in urban areas
 Read page 14-16 Anderson
 Answer the following:
– What is a hinterland? Give an example of one-use a
diagram to explain if you want
– What is a primate city?
– What, where and why is NZ’s primate city? Include
specific information
 Complete activities 1 and 2 page 16
 
Movement in NZ
1.
Towards 2. Between
the north rural and
of the urban areas
country

4. Within
urban
areas
3. Between
urban areas
 
1. Towards the north of the country
Northward Drift
 In 1900 NZ’s population was evenly distributed
between the two islands

 During the 20th century this changed as South

Islanders and immigrants moved to the North
Island
 Task
Anderson page 13- table on reasons why people lived in
South Island and then headed North

Why the South Is attracted and then lost people to

the North Island
 Draw an outline map of NZ with a BIG arrow from
the South Island to the North Island
 In the map of the South Island write down reasons
why people lived in the South Is between 1865-1890
 In the arrow and North Is write down why people
moved north
 
Migration Model
South Island North Island

Land wars

- Gold rush
over + over

- Cold weather
+ Forests were
clear, farmland
available

- Not many
opportunities
+ Auckland
developed as
main port &
 Key: industrial area

-
Push factors Flow of people
Pull factors
+
Intervening obstacles
 
21 Century
st

 This northward trend is much less important

because 76% of all New Zealanders already
live in the North Island, with 52% living in the
northern third of the island.
 
2. Between rural and urban areas
 Take a copy of the worksheet.
 I will hand out a small slip of paper that starts with
an answer and ends with a question.
 One person starts by reading out their question.
Everyone checks their paper. If someone thinks
they have the answer, they read it out. If the class
agrees, write it down on the sheet. The person
who read the answer then reads out their question
 
 Rural to urban drift:
– People moving from the country to the city
 Eg. From the Waikato to Auckland
Why?
– Mainly for economic reasons (jobs)
 Agriculture technology improved and so farms
become bigger and machinery replaces people
 Children move from rural areas to cities for education
 Retirees tend to move away from rural areas
(too much hard work)
 
BUT
Because 87% of NZers live in urban (city) areas
we now see a counterflow called the:
 Urban to rural drift:
– People moving from the city to the country
 Eg. Auckland to Northland
Why?
– People can commute easily
– People like living on lifestyle blocks-better
lifestyle
– Maori people are returning to tribal lands
 3. Migration between urban areas
 Inter-urban migration is movement between
cities in New Zealand.
 Why do most people move? (pg 34)
 
4. Migration within urban areas
 Intra-urban migration is movement inside cities.
This is the most common migration in New
Zealand.
 Off the top of your head, think of four things
that cause people to move within the city.
Perhaps you can use your family as an example?
 Task
 Copy the diagram showing why people
move towards or away from a city centre
migration model on page 35 (figure 3.24)

I ZE !!
MAR
SUM
 
External Migration
 In 2006 nearly ¼ (23%) of New Zealand’s
total population had been born overseas.
 New Zealand government uses immigration
laws and quotas to control immigration into
New Zealand.
 The New Zealand government does not
control emigration. New Zealanders are able
to move overseas if they want to.
Discussion: Should we have immigration quotas?
 Tasks
 Read pages 24-26 Anderson
 Heading in books:
Government control of immigration
 Answer the following:
– Until 1987 what sort of immigrants did NZ immigration
laws encourage?
– Who are exempt from NZ immigration laws?
– From 1870-1975, what and to whom were the
NZ Government offering for immigration?
– What happened in 1950?
– What is the main reason NZ has changed from a
bicultural to a multicultural nation since 1990?
 Tasks
 Heading in books:
Emigration is not controlled in NZ
 Read page 26 Anderson
 Answer the following:
– Why have many New Zealanders emigrated to
Australia in recent years?
– Provide two examples of emigrants from NZ
– Using figure 3.9b name the top three areas New
Zealanders emigrated to in 2006
 Tasks
 Heading in books:
How has external migration affected New
Zealand?
 Make a list of at least THREE positive and
THREE negative consequences of external
migration
Title: Element 4: Changes in the size of a
population
Aim: To know what has happened over
time to change NZ’s population size
 
Task
 Read page 42 Anderson
 Make your own copy of figure 4.5
Heading: Changing growth trends
 Read page 43
 Using table 4.2 write 4 sentences summarising
the trends from 1890-2006
 Complete the handout using the information
on page 43-44
Age structure

Aim: To look at NZ’s ageing population and

the problems associated with it

Starter: What is an ageing population?

Reasons for ageing population
 People are living longer
– Improvements in medical science and public
health have increased life expectancy
 ‘Baby boomers’ of the 1940s, 50s and early
1960s are about to retire
 Fewer babies are being born. A falling birth
rate means there are proportionally more
eldery people
 ISSUES- Positive (good) ISSUES- Negative (bad) Possible solution to
effects effects Issues
Effects on older people -More free time -Can’t afford to retire
themselves -Social- having friends -Loss of independence
-New facilities, possibly -Loneliness for some
closer to family
-More people to do
volunteer work
Effects on younger -Gain knowledge from -Reduced youth popn
people older people may mean schools close
-Have contact with -might have to look after
grandparents, someone grandparents
home to look after kids -May be less jobs as
older people continue to
work
-Increased financial and
emotional burden
Effects on NZ -Skilled and experienced -Cost of superannuation
work force and building facilities to
-Volunteer work cater for elderly
-Knowledge on history -Burden on health system
and past (increase health care
-New jobs ie building costs)
facilities -Work force shortages
when older people retire
 
Ageing Population

 An ageing population is a population whose

percentage of elderly people (over 65) is
increasing. This can happen because of:
 falling birth and fertility rates
 increased life expectancy (people living longer)
 emigration of young adults
 
Ageing Population

 People in the 20-59 years age groups are the

productive, working section of the population.
They pay taxes and keep the economy turning
over.
 Under 20s or over 65 (retirement age) are
dependent on wage earners to support them.
This is called the burden of dependency.
 
Problems of an ageing population
 large proportion of the population older than 65 =
large dependent population
 increasing demand on health services
 who will provide for the dependent population?

Possible solutions:
 the Government provides for the elderly (through
the taxes of the working-age people
 the elderly provide for themselves by saving when
they were working
 families look after their elderly