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COMPONENT Wt%
Carbon 83-87%
Sulfur 0-3%
Oxygen 0-0.5%
Hydrogen 11-14%
Nitrogen 0-1%
Metals 0-0.2%
PETROLEUM WAS FORMED WHEN LARGE
QUANTITIES OF PLANKTON AND ALGAE
WERE BURIED BENEATH SEDIMENT AND
EVENTUALLY SUBJECTED TO ENOUGH HEAT
AND PRESSURE TO BE CONVERTED TO
PETROLEUM.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk0WrtA8_T8
AN ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION COLUMN WOULD
SEPARATE MATERIALS THAT BOILED UP TO
ABOUT 800O F.
ABOVE THAT TEMPERATURE, MOLECULES
WOULD START TO DECOMPOSE (CRACK).
ANY MATERIAL LEFT THAT DID NOT DISTILL
(ATMOSPHERIC RESID) WOULD BE TAKEN TO A
VACUUM STILL FOR FURTHER DISTILLATION.
THE MATERIAL THAT WOULD DISTILL HERE
WOULD BE THE LUBRICANT BASE OIL STOCKS.
STAR REFINERY, THAILAND
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PROCESSES IN A
REFINERY THAT ARE USED TO CONVERT
HEAVIER MOLECULES TO GASOLINE RANGE
MATERIAL.
THERE ARE ALSO PROCESSES TO CONVERT
STRAIGHT CHAIN HYDROCARBONS TO
BRANCHED CHAIN HYDROCARBONS. THIS
INCREASES THE OCTANE RATING OF THE
GASOLINE.
OCTANE RATING IS IMPORTANT FOR ELEMINATING
ENGINE KNOCK.
MOST CARS HAVE AROUND AN 8.5 TO 1
COMPRESSION RATIO.