Sampling in

Research
Discussant: Jess rhoda c. tayag
What is Sampling?

Synecdoche
 You might study a randomly
selected group of 554300
students attending a
university in order to make
generalizations about the
entire student body of that
 population
all members of any well-
defined class
of people, events, or objects
(entire student body of the
university)
sample
 What is Sampling?
Sampling involves taking a
portion of the population, making
observations on this smaller
group, and then generalizing the
findings to the parent
population—the larger population
 Rationale for
Sampling:

Sampling comes to your aid by

enabling you to study a portion
of the population rather than
 Steps in Sampling:
I. Identify the target
population
the large group to which the
researcher wishes
to generalize the results of the
study
Probability vs. Non-
Probability Sampling
Probability sampling
involves sample selection in
which the elements are drawn
Probability vs. Non-
Probability Sampling
non-Probability sampling
includes methods of selection in
which elements are not chosen by
chance procedures. Its success
 Types of
Probability
Simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic
 Types of Probability
Sampling
simple random sampling
all members of the population have
an equal and independent chance of
being included in the random
 Types of Probability
Sampling
simple random sampling
i. define the population
ii. List all the members of
the population
Types of Probability
Sampling
stratified sampling
stratified sampling enables the
researcher to also study the
differences that might exist
 Types of Probability
Sampling
stratified sampling
When the population to be sampled
is not homogeneous but consists of
several subgroups, stratified
 Types of Probability
Sampling
stratified sampling in two
ways
1 - equal size from each
stratum
 Types of Probability
Sampling
cluster sampling
the unit chosen as a sample is not
an individual but, rather, a group
of individuals who are naturally
Types of Probability
Sampling
cluster sampling

the use of intact classrooms

as clusters
 Types of Probability
Sampling
cluster sampling

once a cluster is selected, all

the members of the cluster must be
Types of Probability
Sampling
systematic sampling
Systematic sampling involves
drawing a sample by taking every
Kth case from a list of the
 Types of Probability
Sampling
systematic sampling
I. decide how many subjects you want
in the sample (n)
II. Divide n by n and determine the
sampling interval (k)
Types of Probability
Sampling
For example:
total population of 5500 subjects
(N)
desired sample size of 50 (n)
Types of Probability
Sampling
Systematic sampling
Suppose the 3rd name or number on
the list was the first selected.
You would then add the sampling
 Types of Probability
Sampling
Systematic sampling
Once the first case is chosen, all
subsequent cases to be included in
the sample are automatically
 Types of Non-
Probability Sampling
convenience, purposive, and quota sampling
Types of Probability
Sampling
convenience sampling
Convenience sampling, which is
regarded as the weakest of all
sampling procedures, involves
Types of Probability
Sampling
purposive sampling/judgement
sampling
sample elements judged to be
typical, or representative, are
Types of Probability
Sampling
quota sampling
Elements are drawn so that the
resulting sample is a miniature
approximation of the population
 Types of Probability
Sampling
quota sampling
I. Determine a number of variables,
strongly related to the question under
investigation
 Types of Probability
Sampling
quota sampling
iii. Compute quotas for each segment of
the population that are proportional to
the size of each segment.
The Size of the Sample

Does size
matter?
The Size of the Sample
Size alone will not guarantee
accuracy
A random sample of 200 is better
than a random sample of 100, but a
random sample of 100 is better
 References
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C.
(2010). Introduction to Research
Education (8th ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage
Learning.
Neuman, lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods:
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th. ed.).
USA: Pearson New International Edition
Onwuegbuzie, A.J., && collins, K.M. (2007). A typology
of mixed methods sampling designs in social science