BASIC

INSTRUMENTS

1
 Pressure

ZERO is
atmospheric
pressure

Movement
Pressure

Fixed
connection

2
 60% of range

Bourdon tube

Pointer Levers, gears

and pivots
Restriction
orifice

Gauge
connection
This part of
siphon filled
with
condensate

Connection to
steam system

Gauge connection

Process connection

Flexible diaphragm
3
 Electrical
connection

Transmitter

Transducer

Connection to
process piping

Electrical leads

Strain gauges

Silicon sensor

Diaphragm
Silicone oil

Screwed
connection Process
pressure

4
Transmitter

5
PTP Pressure Control

PIC-012

PT-012
Air to
Water + atmosphere
air from PCV-012
mixer

V-001

Separated
water to
filter

6
 Temperature

Vacuum

Capillary
Tube

Bulb
7
 Lens
Case Pointer

Dial Zero
adjustment
Seal

Threaded
connection

8
 Copper

Support Iron Movement

Rotating pin connected Bush to support Bi-metallic strip

to bottom end of helix top end of helix wound into a helix

Metal stem

9
 Bulb

Pressure gauge

Capillary tube

250

200
degrees C

150

100

50

0
0 14.7 50 100 150 200 250
psi absolute

10
 Reference
junction
Measurement Voltmeter
junction

Metal sheath

Connections
for wires to
reference
Measurement
junction
junction

Thermocouple
connection head

Thermocouple
sheath

11
Thermowell
 Infrared

Visible light

Wavelength in nanometres

400 500 600 700

Filament Filament Filament and object

too cold too hot at same temperature

12
 PTP
Temperature control

H-001 TT-009
Water from Water to
pumps mixer

Heater terminal box TIC-009

Thyristor
control
panel Overrides
from DCS

13
 Flow

Identification
Orifice plate tag
Pressure
High / Low pressure correction
tappings in flanges

Impulse lines
to DP cell

Temperature
correction

14
 Transmitter

DP Cell

Impulse lines

Tappings

High Low
pressure pressure

Orifice Streamline
diameter diameter

Pressure on
wall of pipe
15
Venturi Tube Flowmeters

DP cell
Flange joint to pipe
Venturi tube

Pressure on
wall of pipe

Pressure tappings

16
Pitot Tube Flowmeters
DP cell

Flow
Total Static
pressures
pressure pressure
averaged

17
 Vortex Flow

1 2 3 4 5

Vortex
shedder

18
 Turbine Flowmeters

Output to
flow meter
Pulse pick up

FLOW
Rotor

Support web Bearings

Dual rotors

Inlet
streamlining
vanes

Outlet
streamlining
vanes
Ball bearings
Shaft and spacers

19
Paddle Wheel Flowmeters

Diagram showing how the

paddle wheel is moved by
the upstream flow

20
Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Ultrasonic
transducers

21
Positive Displacement
Flowmeters

22
Variable Area Flowmeters

Flow Switches
LP impulse line

3 DP cells
transmitting to
a logic switch

HP impulse line
LP impulse line

DP DP cell and
switch transmitter

HP impulse line

23
 PTP
Flow Control Loop

FIC 008 FT 008

To PTP process

FE 008

FCV 008

P-001A
TK 001

P-001B

P-001C

Return from PTP process

24