Human Dentition

Introduction
:Dental Anatomy Includes
.Nomenclature & terminology -1

The external morphology and internal -2

.composition of individual teeth
3-How tooth form serves its function.
The relationship of teeth to each other -4
.and to the jaw bones
Dental Anatomy Nomenclature
The Jaws & Dental Arches
 The
The Jaws
Jaws and
and Dental
Dental Arches
Arches
 A. The maxilla is two
bones forming
the upper jaw;
they are rigidly attached
to the skull.

 B. The mandible is
a horse-shoe
shaped bone which
articulates with the
skull by way of the
temporo-mandibular
joint the TMJ.
Quadrants: Right Left
right & left quadrants

Maxillary right
and left.

Mandibular right
and left.

4 Quadrants Right Left

 Functions of Teeth
1- Mastication:
teeth are designed to perform this function.
Incisors Canine Premolars Molars

Chisel like Wedge like At least two Multiple

Cutting or Cutting projections projections
incising and .)cusps( )cusps(
tearing Tearing and Grinding
grinding
2- Appearance:
- Well arranged clean
teeth with proper
alignment give nice
appearance to the face. –
Teeth give support to the
facial expressions.

3- Speech:
for clear pronunciation and
production of sound.

4- Growth of jaws:
The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some
periods of life.
Types of Teeth
 Types of
Teeth Anterior Teeth
for
cutting & tearing
food

Posterior Teeth
Anterior Teeth-
Upper

Canine lateral Central

Incisors
Anterior Teeth- Lower

Canine lateral - Central

Incisors
Premolars:
(in permanent only)

Upper
First premolar
&
Second premolar

Lower
 Molars:

Upper

First & second

Lower
Wisdom tooth =
Third permanent molar
 Types of Dentitions:
Primary & Permanent
Dentition
 Types of Dentitions:
I-Primary Dentition
Deciduous ,baby, milk
teeth:
a. Twenty ( 20)
primary teeth.
b. 10 in each arch
c. 5 in each quadrant

In function:
2 years  12 years
I-Primary
Dentition
 Mixed Dentition
Period
6 years  12 years

Eruption Shedding
of of
first last
permanent primary
molar molar
6 years  eruption of first permanent molar
12 years  Shedding of last primary molar
 II-Permanent Dentition

In
function:
12 years

through
out
life
Permanent Teeth
 Tooth Identification
Systems
Numbering or Coding Systems

1.Palmer Notation System

2.Universal System

3.International FDI System

(two digit system)
 1-Palmer Notation System
for Permanent Teeth
Right Left
1 1 2 3 1-8
3 2
8-1 4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8

7
6
8-1 5
1-8
4
3
1 2
 It represents the four quadrants of the dentition
as if you are facing the patient.
In upper right In upper left
In lower right In lower left
Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant
The permanent teeth are numbered
from 1-8 on each side from the midline.

Upper right Upper left

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lower right Lower left
Palmer Notation System
for Primary Teeth A
B
C
E-A D A-E
E

E-A A-E
 The deciduous teeth are lettered
from A-E on each side from the midline

Upper right Upper left

E D C B A A B C D E

E D C B A A B C D E

Lower right Lower left

Palmer Notation System
 2-The International Numbering System
“FDI” Federation Dentaire International
(the two digit system)
The teeth are designated by using two-digits:

a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of

the number and indicates the quadrant:

In permanent dentition In deciduous dentition

U.R. 1 2 U.L. U.R. 5 6 U.L

L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7 L.L.

 2-International For permanent Teeth

12 11 21 22
System 14
13 23
24
(Two Digit System) 15
16
25
26
“FDI” 17 27
Federation Dentaire 18 28
FirstInternational
Digit = quadrant
38
48
1 2 47
37
46 36
35
4 3 45
44
43
34
42 41 31 3233
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant
b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number
and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant.

The two digits should be pronounced separately.

Permanent teeth
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
 2-International For Primary Teeth
51 61
52 62
System 53 63
(Two Digit System) 54 64
“FDI”
First Digit = Dentaire
quadrant
Federation 55 5 6 65

FirstInternational
Digit = quadrant
8 7
6 85
5 75
84
8 7 74
83 73
82 81 71 72
 For Primary Teeth
5 6
First Digit = quadrant 8 7
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant

Primary Teeth

55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
 Universal
system
for
Permanent
Teeth
 Universal
System
for Primary
Teeth
Macro & Micro-anatomy
of Teeth
crown

neck

root
 Surrounding Bone:
Crypt  developing tooth
Socket  erupted tooth root
Anatomical Crown & Clinical Crown
Single-rooted Multi-rooted
Micro-anatomy of Teeth
 Pulp Cavity

1-Coronal pulp:

•Pulp chamber

•Pulp horns

2-Radicular pulp:
•Root canal
•Apical foramen
 Pulp Cavity in Root
2-Radicular pulp:

•Root canal

•Apical foramen
Surfaces
of
Teeth
 Surfaces of teeth are identified by
the relationship to
surrounding orofacial structures
Each tooth
has
Five
surfaces:

1.Facial
2.Lingual,
3.Mesial, and
4. Distal (proximal)
5.Functioning surf.
(Incisal) occlusal,
 FACIAL SURFACE
any surface on the outside
(towards the face)

1.LABIAL is facial
surface of the
anterior teeth
(green),
2. BUCCAL is the
facial surface
of the posterior
teeth (blue).
 Inter-proximal
surfaces:
Surfaces in between two teeth:

1. Facing towards the

midline: MESIAL.
2. Facing away from the
midline:  DISTAL
LINGUAL
The surfaces facing the tongue

PALATAL palatal

on the maxilla.
 Functioning Surfaces:
chewing/biting surfaces of teeth :

OCCLUSAL: chewing surfaces of

posterior teeth
INCISAL: the anteriors’
biting surface
Line and Point Angles
Division into Thirds
 Line and Point Angles

:Line angle
It is formed by the junction
of two surfaces
and its name is derived
from both surfaces
:Point angle
It is formed by the junction
of three surfaces
and its name is derived
.from these surfaces
 Line Angles
of Anterior Teeth
 Line Angles
of Posterior Teeth
 Point Angles
Meeting of 3 surfaces
Division into Thirds
 Anatomical Landmarks
of the Crown
Developmental data:
:Lobe
• It is one of the primary
centers of calcification and
growth formed during the
crown development.

• Each tooth begins to

develop from four lobes or
more.

•The pulp chamber has pulp

horns corresponding to
these lobes.
Anterior teeth

premolars
Maxillary molars

Mandibular molars
 A- Crown
A- Crown Elevations:
Elevations:
1-Mamelons
1-Mamelons 2-Cingulum
2-Cingulum 3-Cusps
3-Cusps

They are three small

rounded projections
of enamel present in
the incisal third of It is the bulge on
newly erupted the cervical third
incisors of lingual surface They are pyramidal
of the crown in projections on the
anterior teeth incisal portion of the
canine and on the
occlusal surfaces of the
premolars and molars
4-Tubercle
4-Tubercle
It is a small elevation produced by
.excessive formation of enamel
: Tubercle is noticed at
•the palatal surface of E & 6
•sometimes at the lingual surface of
incisors over the cingulum.

N.B. Tubercle differs from cusp , it is

formed of enamel only while cusp is
formed of pulp horn covered by dentin
and enamel.
 5-Ridges
5-Ridges
Marginal
Marginal Linear
Linear
Triangular
Triangular

Ridge or elevation
of enamel forming
•Linear ridges:
the margin of the Elevated portions
surface of a tooth; of tooth run in a
Transverse Ridge line named for
• on mesial /distal
margins of lingual their location
surfaces anterior •Cervical
teeth. •Incisal
• mesial & distal •Labial
margins of occlusal •Buccal
surfaces posterior
teeth Oblique Ridge •Lingual
 B-Crown
B-Crown
Linear Depressions
Depressions
Linear Depressions
Depressions Irregular Depressions
Irregular Depressions
1-Developmental 1-Fossa
grooves: Depression or concavity
Shallow grooves that
separate cusps or primary
parts of teeth

2- Supplemental
grooves:
•Small , irregularly placed •Lingual
auxiliary grooves. fossa
•Branches from developmental grooves.
•They do not denote union of primary
lobes. •triangular
•The third molars followed by second fossae
permanent molars are characterized by
high number of supplemental grooves. •Central
fossa
 Linear Depressions
Linear Depressions Irregular Depressions
Irregular Depressions
3- Fissures 2- PITS:
• Found in the bottom of
•b- FAULTY PIT:
developmental grooves.
• Develop as a result
•Result from incomplete union of
• of incomplete formation of
the primary lobes.
enamel.
•Represent a fault in enamel.
• It is located at the end of
the buccal developmental
grooves of the lower molars or
palatal developmental
grooves of the upper molars.