NORTON’S AND THEVENIN’S

THEOREM
IN
BASIC ELECTRONICS
Prepared By:
Meet Mehta (170010107022)
Viral Patel (170010107039)
 Norton’s
Theorem
Norton’s theorem states that any
network having a number of
energy sources and resistances,
when viewed form open its output
terminal A and B can be replaced
Is = Norton’s equivalent current source
by simple equivalent network
consisting single equivalent Rs = Equivalent resistance across AB terminals
current source(Is) in parallel with a RL = Load resistance
single equivalent resistance(Rs).
Steps to follow for Norton’s Theorem:
1. Find the Norton source current by removing the load resistor from the original circuit
and calculating current through a short (wire) jumping across the open connection
points where the load resistor used to be.

2. Find the Norton resistance by removing all power sources in the original circuit (voltage
sources shorted and current sources open) and calculating total resistance between
the open connection points.

3. Draw the Norton equivalent circuit, with the Norton current source in parallel with the
Norton resistance. The load resistor re-attaches between the two open points of the
equivalent circuit.

4. Analyze voltage and current for the load resistor following the rules for parallel circuits.
[1] firstly have to remove the centre
40Ω load resistor and short out the
terminals A and B
[2] When the terminals A and B are [3] Find the Equivalent Resistance
shorted together the two resistors are (Rs)
connected in parallel, the currents
flowing through each resistor as well
as the total short circuit current can
now be calculated
 Thevenin’s
Theorem
Thevenin’s theorem states that any
network having a number of enrgy
sources,when viewed form open its
output terminal A and B can be
replaced by simple equivalent
network consisting single equivalent
voltage source(V Th) in series with a VTh = Thevenin’s equivalent voltage source
single equivalent resistance(RTh).
RTh = Thevenin’s equivalent resistance

RL = Load resistance
Steps to follow for Thevenin’s Theorem:
1. Find the Thevenin source voltage by removing the load resistor from the original circuit and
calculating voltage across the open connection points where the load resistor used to be.

2. Find the Thevenin resistance by removing all power sources in the original circuit (voltage
sources shorted and current sources open) and calculating total resistance between the
open connection points.

3. Draw the Thevenin equivalent circuit, with the Thevenin voltage source in series with the
Thevenin resistance. The load resistor re-attaches between the two open points of the
equivalent circuit.

4. Analyze voltage and current for the load resistor following the rules for series circuits
[1] Firstly, to analyse the
circuit we have to remove the
centre 40Ω load resistor
connected across the
terminals A-B
[2] The value of the equivalent resistance,
Rs is found by calculating the total
resistance looking back from the
terminals A and B with all the voltage
sources shorted.
 [4] This current of 0.33 amperes (330mA) is
common to both resistors so the voltage drop
across the 20Ω resistor or the 10Ω resistor
can be calculated as:

VAB = 20 – (20Ω x 0.33amps) = 13.33 volts.

or
VAB = 10 + (10Ω x 0.33amps) = 13.33 volts,
the same.
[3] current flowing around the loop is calculated
as:

[5] the current flowing

around the circuit is given
as: