HISTORICAL

BACKGROUND OF THE
GROWTH OF SOCIAL
SCIENCE
NIRIGO

ORIGIN
PLOVNEMEDET

DEVELOPMENT
SIRATOLET

ARISTOTLE
LOPAT

PLATO
SECRATOS

SOCRATES
SINECEC

SCIENCE
 OLITAPIC
NICESCE
POLITICAL SCIENCE
SLOCIOGOY

SOCIOLOGY
NATHOROGYPLO

ANTHROPOLOGY
 LIACSO
SNICECE
SOCIAL SCIENCE
What do you know about Social
Science?
 In the development and progress
of human knowledge, the social
sciences were the last to develop after
the natural sciences. And while the
origin of the social sciences can be
tracked back to the ancient Greek
philosophers- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle,
their development as separate fields of
knowledge only begun in the modern
period.
 Before the birth of the modern
social sciences in the West, the study
of society, culture and politics were
based on social and political
philosophy. In return, social and
political philosophies were informed by
theological reasoning grounded in
Revelation based on the Bible. This was
largely due to the dominance of
religious worldview and authority
during this time.
 While the pre-modern, social
thinkers employed experiences and
personal observation, just like modern
scientists, they fit them within the
overall framework of their philosophy
and overall religious scheme of the
church.
 Philosophy is distinct from Science.
SCIENCE would not be developed if it
remained under the wings of
Philosophy and Theology.
PHILOSOPHY –this is based on analytic
understanding of the nature of truth
asserted about specific topics of issues.
It as the question “ What is the nature
of TRUTH?” “ How do we KNOW what
we KNOW?”
SCIENCE- This is based on empirical
data, tested theories, and carefully
contrived observations. It does not ask
the question about the nature of truth.
Science seeks to discover the truth
about specific causes of events and
happenings in the natural world. It is
inductive. It proceeds from observing
particular cases and move toward
generalizing the properties common to
these cases to their similar cases under
the same specified condition.
This definition of SCIENCE is very
modern description. Before the
modern period, the growth of the
sciences was slowed down because of
the dominance of religious authority of
tradition. However, with the
breakdown of the Church and its
religious power after the French
Revolution, the sciences grew steadily
and rapidly to become the most widely
accepted way of explaining the world,
nature , and human beings.
SOCIOLOGY is a branch of social sciences
that deals with the scientific study of
human interactions, social groups and
institutions, whole societies, and the human
world as such. Of course, sociology also
addresses the problem of the constitution
of the self and the individual, but it only
does so in relation to larger social structures
and process .
 Therefore, is a science that studies
the relationship between the individual
and the society as they develop and
change in history. Sociology does not
only study the existing social forms of
interaction but also pursues the
investigation of the emergence of the
stable structures that sustain such
interaction.
AUGUSTE COMTE
- French philosopher and
mathematician, is the founding father of
sociology. He coined the term SOCIOLOGY
but he originally use “ social physics” as
term for sociology. Its aim was to discover
the social laws that govern the
development of societies. Comte
suggested that there were three stages in
the development of societies- theological
stage, metaphysical stage, and the postive
stage.
POSITIVISM
-School of thought that says that
science and its method is the only valid
way of knowing things.
HARRIET MARTINEAU
- A woman scholars who were
responsible for the development of
SOCIOLOGY.
- The “founding mother” of
sociology.
- English writer and reformist. With
physical disabilities, Martineau
travelled a lot, especially in the United
States, and wrote her travelogues.
KARL MARX
- He introduced the materialist
analysis of history which discounts
religious and metaphysical explanation
for historical development. Before
Marx, scholars explained social change
through divine intervention and the
theory of “great men”.
 However, Marx advocated the use
of scientific methods to uncover the
deep structural tendencies that
underlie great social transitions, for
instance, from agricultural to modern
industrial capitalist society. Max
belonged to the realist tradition of
social sciences that believed in the
power of scientific reason to know the
nature of society and human beings.
EMILE DURKHEIM
- He made possible the
professionalization of sociology by
teaching it in the University Bordeaux.
Durkheim was responsible in depending
sociology as an independent discipline
from Psychology. As a social realist , He
argued that society possesses a reality sui
generis ( that is, its own kind, or a class by
itself., unique) independent of individuals
and institutions that compose it.
-Religion, education, and deviance.
MAX WEBER
- He stress the role of rationalization in
the development of society.
RATIONALIZATION- Essentially the
disenchantment of the world.
- As science began replace religion,
people also adopted a scientific or rational
attitude toward the word. People refuse to
believe in myths and superstitious beliefs.
In this way, modern individuals became
dependent on science to order lives.