Professional Documents
Culture Documents
& PLACENTA
Class : A
Group : 6
Name :
1. Anggun Octaviana Isnaini (160210103006)
2. Hanna Qotrunnada (160210103007)
3. Israul Fresia Nur Imaniyah (160210103030)
EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
During development, the formation of some embrional
membranes derived from embryos but located outside the body of
the embryo and do not become part of the body of the embryo.
This membrane is called extra embryonic membrane.
Extra embryonic membrane serves as a medium for the exchange
of substances as well as protection for the embryo.
In reptiles and birds the extra embryonic membrane provides
protection on the kerabang in addition to egg on the outside.
Extra embryonic membrane in mammals fetus along with
endometrial stem is an integral part of the system of placentas.
EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
Consists of:
Yolk Sac
Sac Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
YOLK SAC (KANTUNG YOLK)
Yolk sac is a membrane surrounds the yolk, well developed in
birds but relatively not evolved in mammals.
Yolk SAC is extra embryonic membrane that is the earliest
established. Splanknopleura chicken embryos do not form a
closed channel but growing on the surface of the yolk,
surrounding thus forming a pouch.
Yolk sac in mammals is temporary. The mammalian egg cell has
the yolk a little so that the role of egg yolk as a source of
nutrients are replaced by blood parent through the placenta.
Yolk sac in mammals at first development serves as
hematopoesis (formation of red blood cells) and in some species
as a source of future primordial gamete.
AMNIONIC SAC
A thin membrane is derived from a pouchshaped
somatopleura surrounds the embryo and contain fluid.
Based on whether or not there is an amnion,
differentiated into:
a. Anamniota: have no amnion (fish and frogs)
b. early Amniotes: have the amnion (reptiles, birds,
mammals)
Amnion contains fluid amnion which is derived from
the renal glands of the mouth, fetus and breathing.
Amnion fluid serves as a medium for floating, protect
and allow the movement of the body and limbs of the
embryo.
AMNIONIC SAC
Function:
1. Prevent the dry embryo
2. Prevent bonding extra
embryonic membrane on
embryos
3. Silencer shakeup
4. Absorbs albumin (chicken)
Amnion fluid produced by
the walls of the body's skin
and amnion the embryo
AMNIONIC SAC
Amnion fluid:
Increased appropriate age
kebuntingan, except when old
bunting
Help dilate the cervix and
lubricate the way born
Abnormality:
hidropamnion/oligoamnion
Bovine Amnion (37 months)
amniotic plaque (a white
thickening in some places)
The amount of liquid: 40150 cc
4001200 cc, pork cc 830 goats,
dogs, 1000 cc of human
CHORION
Korion extra embryonic membrane is the
outermost.
In poultry karion stick on the inner
kerabang membrane after incubation day
to 78. Korion together with the alantois
function in gas exchange and water
In mammals the extra embryonic
membrane korion is associated with
endometrial stem to form the placenta.
Korion in mammals it has villivilli
which serves to expand the surface area
for bonding with endometrial korion
parent and rich in blood vessels that will
function in the parent blood Exchange.
CHORION
Function:
1. bring the ingredients
in the form of gas goes
into circulation fetus
2. prevent entry of
bacteria
ALLANTOIS
Alantois is the extra embryonic membrane that
is formed from the wall of the bowel which is
shaped like the back of the pouch.
In birds and mammals (except humans) alantois
developed and embryonic and extra spaces fill
the outside blends korion form korioalantois
ALLANTOIS
Function:
Extra urine SAC embrional
(liquid => urine uric acid)
Extra lung embrional => the
exterior wall area vasculosa
alantois
Digest albumin on reptiles,
birds, and mammals lay eggs
Part of the foetus placenta
In poultry alantois initially shaped small pouch on the right side
of the embryo on day 3 of incubation and has filled the entire
embryonic extra space (the space between the amnion and
korion) on day 10 of incubation
Korioalantois is rich in blood vessels that develop from the
alantois mesoden splanknis alantois. This allows the
korioalantois blood vessels carry out its role in the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide on the kerabang membrane of the egg.
In addition alantois function to accommodate urine eksresi
embryos
In the human embryo, the alantois does not develop as in other
mammals. In humans, the alantois as with yolk sac are
rudimenter and be a part inside the umbilical cord
ALLANTOIS
Connect the allantois and
intestines back stalk allantois
Stalk allantois + egg yolk stalk =
stalk the abdomen (belly stalk)
The area around the stalk of the
stomach many blood vessels in
and out of the body of the reply
fetus = ring Centre
Amnion + the + egg yolk stalk
allantois = umbilical cord
(umbilical cord)
PLACENTA
The placenta is an organ that extra embryos that are the docking
between between the embryo and stem tissues.
On the human network, who participated in the formation of the
placenta is uterine endometrial desidua basal part.
Human placenta formation began in the first weeks of pregnancy
and continuing until the pregnancy is developing approximately
8 months.
The function of the placenta that is serving the needs of the
embryo/fetus in terms of respiration, nutrients, ekstresi,
protection, as well as the endocrine (hormoneproducing).
PLACENTA
Hormones produced by the placenta, among others:
1) Korionik gonadotropin
Produced by sinsitiotrofiblas cells that make up the korion. These
hormones are berfungsin untuknmempertahankan the corpus
luteum in the ovary to produce progesterone, stimulate placenta to
produce progesterone.
2) Progesterone
This hormone serves to maintain the endometrium of the uterus so
that it remains thick (do not fall) and rich in blood vessels. In
humans, progesterone started synthesized by the placenta in week
4 after implntasi. Leading up to the birth of hormion production is
declining.
4) Estrogen
In humans this hormone produced by the placenta starts in week 4
after implantation, in addition it is also produced by the adrenal
glands fetus. Estrogen plays a role to maintain the pregnancy.
Estrogen production continued to increase until the eve of the birth
of the baby.
5) Korionik somatotropin (placental laktogen)
To stimulate the development of the mammary glands. In humans,
this hormone is called HCS (Human Chorionic Somatotropin) or
HPL (Human Placental Lactogen).
PLACENTA
A. Based on the extra embryo membranes linked to the parent tissue
1. Choriovitelin placenta
2. Chorioalanthois
B. Based on the sturdy / not link between the embryo tissue and the
parent tissue
1. Decidua placenta
2. Non/indecidua
3. Semi decidua placenta
3. Based on form
a) Diffuse placenta
b) Cotyledonary placenta
c) Zonary placenta
d) Discoid placenta
a. Diffuse placenta
Villi chorion spread flat
found on pork and horse
b. Cotyledonary placenta
Group villi called cotyledons longitudinal
in pore caruncle
caruncle + cotyledons Plasentom
Cow = 75120 fruit, sheep = 40124 fruit
c. Zonary placenta
shaped as tape round part middle
khorioalantois
consist some lokulus, each lokulus
there fetus with placental separate
found on : dog and cat
d. Discoid placenta
placenta shaped disc / oval
amount there is 1/2 fruit
Relationship with SLR very close
damage time parturition
found on : primates and human
Zonary placenta
TYPE PLACENTA BASED BARIER
a. Epiteliokorial
associated with
chorionic endometrial
epithelium (endometrium
wall does not decay)
PIG, HORSE
B. SINDESMOKORIAL
b, Sindesmokorial
Some decays endometrial
epithelium, supporting tissue
associated with chorionic
RUMINANT
c. Endoteliokorial
endometrial endothelial
stem directly related to
chorionic
CARNIVORE
D. HAEMOCHORIAL
d. haemochorial
Blood stem angsung
associated with chorionic
HUMAN & rodents
THE REASON THE EMERGENCE OF
FRATERNAL AND IDENTICAL TWINS
Views of the origin of the Zygote, is known for two types of childbirth of twins: