By-

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Umera Anjum
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 Today Radars are used both in military and civilian
applications. In military applications Radars' play vital role
in detecting the enemy aircrafts at larger distances.

Jamming is a technique which is usually adopted to

make a RADAR non functional.

Hence a robust RADAR must be able to work even

when there is jamming attach from enemy side. Many
kinds of technology can be applied to modern pulse radar
to meet diversified jamming in a word, they all enhance
useful echo signals and avoid or weaken interference
signals in order to ensure the radar works properly to the
maximum extent.

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• In this project an architecture to achieve “Self
switching type agile RADAR” is realized with FPGA
using Hardware Description Language (VHDL) , the
validity is proved by suitable test signals.

• The self-adaptive frequency agility module can analyze

the type of jamming to select transmitting frequency to
avoid the frequencies which have interference. The
high level blocks include jamming analysis, monitor
control and receiver. We use Xilinx real time pipelined
FFT core for spectrum estimation block.

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RADAR PRINCIPLE

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RADAR COMPONENTS
Transmitter : sends a pulse out through the
atmosphere.

Antenna : sweep through different

directions to cover the region around the
radar station.

Target (Enemy Aircraft): scatter some of

the pulse back to the receiver (antenna).

Receiver : gives Target distance, Range .etc

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BASIC TERMINOLOGY
Pulse Radar Components

Synchronizer Transmitter

Power
Duplexer ANT.
Supply

Display Unit Receiver

Antenna Control

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JAMMING CONCEPT : JAMMER

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RESOLUTION FOR
JAMMING
• Anti-Jamming : attempt to reduce or eliminate the
effect of Jamming
• Earlier Proposed Methods
• Electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM)
• “Chirping" or Linear frequency modulation
• Cloaking the outgoing signal with random noise
• Polarization …Etc

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NORMAL RADAR PULSE

Vulnerable to Jamming

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CHIRPED RADAR PULSE

Vulnerable to jamming

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PROBLEM AND PROPOSED SOLUTION

Current problem scenario : Jamming

RADAR’s with fixed frequency carrier

profile are vulnerable to jamming
However complex carrier frequency
scheme is chosen, if it fixed then it can
be easily jammed

Proposed solution : Anti -Jamming

13

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 CHANNEL PROPAGATION ISSUES

Four factors that may cause distortion:

Atmospheric Path Loss
Rain Vegetation
Absorption (distance)

Transmitted Attenuation Received

Signal Signal

Phase Shift
(delay)

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 APPLICATIONS
• Military RADARs

• Civilian RADARs in security applications

• Radar astronomy

• Air-defense systems

• Antimissile systems

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ADVANTAGES
• Complete FPGA implementation hence fastest switching is possible

• Even when there is no interference still the RADAR can change its
frequency to result in LPI (low probability of intercept) scheme.

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DISADVANTAGES
• System complexity increases on processing side

• The RF and other analog stages also must be capable of switching

to implement this scheme. Which increases the complexity.

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 Conclusion:
 Radar is a way to detect and study far
off objects by transmitting a radio pulse
in the direction of the target and
observing the reflection of the wave.

Its basically a radio echo.

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THANK YOU

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