ANATOMI DAN HISTOLOGI

SISTEM UROGENITALIA
TERNAK

Oleh : Nurul Isnaini

PERBANDINGAN ORGAN REPRODUKSI
TERNAK JANTAN

Diagram of the reproductive system of the (a) bull; (b) ram; (c) boar; and (d) stallion.
Male Reproductive Tract
Bull Reproductive Tract
Male Reproductive Tract
 Organ reproduksi ternak jantan
dapat dibagi menjadi 3 bagian:

1. Organ kelamin primer 

gonad jantan,  testis /
testiculus
2. Kelenjar pelengkap dan
sistem saluran
3. Alat kelamin luar (organ
kopulatoris  penis)
BAGIAN ORGAN RPR TERNAK JANTAN:

1. Scrotum
2. Testis
3. Epididimis
4. Vas deferens
5. Uretra
6. Ampula
7. Vesica seminalis
8. Prostata
9. Cowper’s gland
10. Penis
11. Preputium
 ORGAN REPR JANTAN DAN FUNGSINYA
Organ Fungsi
Testis Memproduksi spermatozoa dan hormon androgen

Scrotum Menyangga testis; mengatur suhu testes; melindungi

testis
Spermatic cord Menyangga testis; mengatur suhu testis
Epididymis Mengatur konsentrasi spermatozoa; tempat
penyimpanan spermatozoa; pematangan dan
pengangkutan spermatozoa
Vas deferens Pengangkutan spermatozoa

Kelenjar Vesicularis Menambah cairan semen, sumber energi dan larutan

penyangga (buffer) bagi semen
Kelenjar Prostata Menambah cairan dan ion anorganik

Kelenjar Bulbouretralis Membersihkan sisa urin

Penis Alat kopulasi
Preputium Melindungi ujung bebas penis
 Testes produce sperm &
testosterone
Sperm production occurs
in seminiferous
tubules

See Fig. 46.12

 Testes produce sperm &
testosterone
Sperm production occurs
in seminiferous
tubules

At puberty, testosterone
production begins
in interstitial cells

See Fig. 46.12

 Testes produce sperm &
testosterone
Sperm production occurs
in seminiferous
tubules

Sertoli cells regulate

sperm production &
nourish developing
sperm

See Fig. 46.12

 Testes produce sperm &
testosterone
Sperm production occurs
in seminiferous
tubules

Spermatozoa are
produced by
spermatogonia

See Fig. 46.12

b. Sperm
 Human sperm – almost no
cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg
Head
Nucleus – DNA
DNA
Acrosome –
Enzymes

See Fig. 46.12

 Human sperm – almost no
cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg
Head
Nucleus – DNA
DNA
Acrosome –
Enzymes

Midpiece
Mitochondria –
Energy

See Fig. 46.12

 Human sperm – almost no
cytoplasm; carries male DNA to egg
Head
Nucleus – DNA
DNA
Acrosome –
Enzymes

Midpiece
Mitochondria –
Energy

Tail
Flagellum –
Propeller
See Fig. 46.12
 
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 
There are 7 major parts of the female 
reproductive system:
 
1.  Ovaries
2. Oviducts
3.  Uterine horns (2)
4. Body of the uterus
5. Cervix
6. Vagina
7.  Vulva
ow Reproductive Tract
Sow Reproductive Tract
Sow Reproductive Tract
Cow
Cow
Oviduct

CL

Ovary
Uterus
 Uterus

Cervix

Vagina & Vulva missing

Cow Reproductive Tract
 Female Reproductive System
• Cervix
– Area between the
uterus and vagina
– Normally closed
– Opens at estrus and
parturition
– (2 -3 inches)
 Female Reproductive System
• Vagina - the female organ of copulation
1. admits penis
2. receives semen (except in sow)
3. passageway for fetus at parturition

• Bladder - storage organ for urine

• Vulva - extended genitalia; opening for both urinary and

genital tracts
Female Reproductive System
Sow
 Sow

Uterine
horns
Uterus

Oviduct

Ovary
Sow Ovary

Follicles
 Vagina

Vulva

Bladder
Histology ovary
 Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle:
Hormones from the brain’s “master gland”
(pituitary) initiate development of egg-bearing
follicles in the ovary
Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle:
Estrogen produced by egg-bearing follicles stimulates the
growth of the uterine lining
Hormonal control of the oestrus cycle:
If pregnancy does not begin:
1) The corpus luteum breaks down
2) Progesterone levels fall
 Fertilization may lead to pregnancy…
Sperm deposited in the vagina during copulation
swim through the uterus into the Fallopian tubes,
where they may encounter an egg

Sperm
Sperm

Sperm

Sperm
Oocyte (egg)
 Fertilization may lead to pregnancy…
Sperm release enzymes that break down the barriers
around the egg (corona radiata and
zona pelucida)
oocyte

Zona pellucida –
Corona radiata – layer of jelly-like layer
accessory cells around egg
 Fertilization may lead to pregnancy…
Fusion of the nuclei of an egg and one sperm
(fertilization) produces a zygote

oocyte

Zona pellucida –
Corona radiata – layer of jelly-like layer
accessory cells around egg
Reproduction in
Poultry

Objective: Specify how the

reproductive system for poultry
functions
 Reproduction in Poultry
The poultry reproduction tract has five parts:
1) Vagina
– Holds the egg until laid
2) Uterus
– Secretes the shell
3) Isthmus
– Adds the two shell membranes
4) Magnum
– Secretes the albumen
5) Infundibulum
– Where fertilization takes place
 Reproduction in Poultry
• Major difference:
– Embryo of livestock develop inside the female’s body
while the embryo of poultry develops inside the egg.
• Poultry only have the left ovary and oviduct when
mature
• The yolk is the ovum
• Chicken Incubation
– 21 days
Fig. 21.17. Reproductive tracts of female turtle and bird.
Avian Reproductive systems:
Avian Reproductive systems:

-Common opening for urinary, reproductive and
digestive systems. 
-All vertebrates except mammals
-Can be introverted to deposit sperm!!