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Common-Emitter
Identical quiescent conditions
Identical voltage gain (except C-E inverts)
Identical output resistance
Common-Base input impedance is very low
Common-Emitter suffers Miller effect
Cascode Configuration
Common-Emitter Amp
High Rin, Low Gain
Common-Base Amp
Low Rin, High Gain
Cascode Quiescent Conditions
VB1 VB2
VB1-0.5
VB2-0.5
(VB1-0.5+VS)/RE
Input impedance
vbe 1
rin re
ie gm
From common-
emitter input stage Output impedance
rout RC
Cascode (II) Common-Emitter Stage
Voltage Gain
vc
To common-base g m RC g m re 1
stage, rin = re vin
vout
1 g m RC g m RC
vin
Input resistance
rin RB1 || re
Input capacitance
Cin 1 A C BC C BE 2C BC C BE
Upper Cut-Off Frequency
Cascode configuration
1 1
fC
2 RS || rin Cin 2RS C BE 2C BC
Common-emitter amplifier
1 1
fC
2 RS || rin Cin 2RS C BE 1 A C BC
Practical Cascode Configuration
To keep Q1 and Q2 out
of saturation:
VC 2 VE 2 VC1 VE1
VB 2 VB1
VE 2 VB 2 0.5 5 0.5
4.5 V
+8.6 V
VE1 15
+5 V
I C I E1
+4.5 V RE
5.5 15
-5 V -5.5 V
12
9.5
0.8 mA
12
IC = 0.8 mA VC 2 15 I C RC
15 0.8 8
8.6 V
Voltage Gain :
vout
g m RC || RL
vin
IC
+5 V
+8.6 V
RC || RL
VT
+4.5 V
0.8
4444
25
-5 V -5.5 V
140
Lower:
1
fC
+5 V
+8.6 V
2 RS rin C1
+4.5 V
19 kHz
-5 V -5.5 V Upper:
1
fC
2RS C BE 2C BC
IC = 0.8 mA
10 MHz
Measured Response
Summary – RF Design
Upper cut-off frequency of a common-emitter
amplifier is set mostly by CBC due to the Miller
effect.
Increase bandwidth by:
Reducing gain
Reducing RS
Reducing CBC (different transistor)
Suppressing Miller effect – Cascode configuration