SOLAR TRACKING

SYSTEM
GUIDE: Ms. CH VIJAYA SREE, M.Tech
Assistant Professor

PRESENTED BY
M.GIRIJA VANI(08-435)
K.VENKATESWARA RAO(08-430)
K.NAVEEN(08-427)
N.VENU GOPAL NAIDU(08-445)
 Motivation

Alternative Energy - Solar Power

Sunlight Gives Energy and the Quality of Light That No
Other Source Can Replace
Sunlight Varies its Direction From Day to Day and Moment
to Moment
 Renewable energy

Alternate sources of energy

• Biomass.
• Solar Energy.
• Wind Energy.
• Geothermal Energy.
• Microhydel.
• Fuel cells.
 INTRODUCTION

In order to perfect reception of energy the object and the sensor

must maintain 900

Here the object is sun and the sensor is solar panel .

If any variation in the desired angle the energy will changes hence
the panel rotates automatically .
 PRINCIPLE

The principle involved in solar tracking is “closed loop

control system”. The system that tracks the path of the sun
may be an open loop Control system or a closed loop
control system.
 TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM

 Single-axis solar tracking system

 Dual axis solar tracking system
 Theory relevant

o The conversion of sunlight to usable electrical energy has

been dubbed the Photovoltaic Effect.

o Solar panels are typically constructed with

i. Crystalline silicon
ii. Gallium arsenide
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Circuit diagram
 HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
solar panel

•Large number of cells arranged in an orderly manner is called as

“solar panel”.
•Photovoltaic effect: The generations of an electromotive force as
a result of the absorption of ionizing radiation.
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS (IC-741):
IC -741 is a 8-pin IC.

Pin diagram
DECODER (74LS138):
This device is ideally suited for high speed bipolar
memory chip select address decoding.
NAND GATE (IC-74H00):
The operation of NAND gate is opposite to that of AND gate .
The pin diagram and truth table of NAND..

Pin diagram
OPTOCOUPLERS (MCT2E):
The MCT2/ MCT2E family is an Industry Standard Single
Channel Phototransistor. Each optocoupler consists of gallium
arsenide infra- red LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor.

Applications:
•AC mains detection
•Telephone ring detection
SCR:
A silicon-controlled rectifier (or semiconductor-controlled
rectifier) is a four-layer solid state device that controls current.
TRANSFORMERS:

A transformer is an electrical device which is used to

convert electrical power from one electrical circuit to
another without change in frequency.
DC MOTOR:
An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. DC motors are configured in
many types and sizes, including brush less, servo, and gear
motor types.
APPLICATION:
•Day lighting
•Thermal Applications
•Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or
active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute
sunlight.
•Solar tracking system will help us utilize every bit of solar energy
in most efficient way.
 ADVANTAGES
 Solar tracking programs are used to continually orient
photovoltaic panels in direction of the solar and will help
maximize your investment in your PV system.
 They are beneficial as the sun’s position in the sky will change
gradually over the course of a day and over the seasons
throughout the year.
 Advantages to utilizing a tracker system like this can depend
mainly on it’s placement in figuring out how well it is going to
increase the effectiveness of the panels.
 CONCLUSION

By using this method, the solar tracker was successful

in maintaining a solar array at a sufficiently perpendicular
angle to the sun.
 FUTURE EXPANSION

By using real time clock we can adjust the panel directions

according to the sun angle with using more sensitive sensors
and powerful micro controller .
 BIBILOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• Op-amp & linear applications, A.Ramakanth, Gayakward, U.A.Godse.
• Electrical Technology, B.L.Theraja.
• Switching Theory and Logic Design, A.P.Godse.
• Basic Electronics, J.V. Suresh Babu, Lalitha.
• Electronics device and circuits, S.Salivahanan, U.A.Bakshi.
• Electronic components, D.V.Prasad.

WEBSITES:
www.solar-tracking.com
www.seminarprojects.com
www.datasheet.com
www.electronicsforu.com
www.answers.com