Hazard Id

OSHAcademy Course 704
Hazard Identification and Control
OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 1

Your Intro Page Here
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Workshop goals
• Explore the elements of an effective hazard

identification and control program.
• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and

control process.
• Complete the hazard identification and control

worksheet.

Form Teams

IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
It takes a hazard and someone

exposed to the hazard to
produce an accident.
Hazard + Exposure a Accident

What is a "hazard?" Complete the sentence below.
An Unsafe
Condition
or
Practice
that could
cause an Injury
or
Illness
to an Employee .
(Extra Credit)
and it’s Preventable !

What is “Exposure?”
• How close are you to the "danger zone"?
• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length
• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

Conditions and behaviors are just
the symptoms
• They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's

a surface symptom
• They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,

anywhere
• They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or

accident
• They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety

management system
• They are important clues revealing root causes

3
• Conditions account for _____ % of all
workplace accidents.
95
• Behaviors account for _____ % of all
workplace accidents.
2
• Uncontrollable acts account for ____ %
of all workplace accidents.
Conclusion: Management has some degree of

control over 98% of the causes for all accidents in
the workplace!

The underlying root causes must be
diagnosed and treated!
System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program

development
• One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes,

procedures, practices
• Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc.
• Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management

system
• Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety

management system

System Performance Defects - Failure to accomplish
action plans
• Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry

out safety policies, plans, processes, procedures or
management practices
• They produce common hazardous conditions and/or unsafe
behaviors, or
• They produce repeated unique hazardous conditions and/or
unsafe behaviors

Four Important Processes to
Identify and Analyze Hazards
1 Inspections
How to develop an effective safety and health

checklist.
• Determine applicable state safety & health rules for the
workplace.
• Review rules and use those you feel apply to your
workplace.
• Develop applicable checklist questions that are not
addressed in the rules.

Who's involved in the inspection process?
What is a major weakness inherent in the
inspection process?
What process(es) can we use to overcome this
weakness?

2 Observation
Observations, informal and formal, are quite

important in daily workplace safety.
• Employees and managers can spot

hazardous conditions and unsafe or
inappropriate behaviors while they conduct
their other tasks.

Writing Effective Inspection Reports
1. The Background/Introduction
2. The Findings
3. The Recommendations
4. The Conclusion/Summary

Report Identified Hazards
• Watch your language. Examples?

• Keep it simple. How?
• Reward appropriate performance.
Which?
How can we most effectively recognize

employees for reporting hazards?

3 The Job Hazard Analysis MPPL
LEE JO
JO B
B HHA
AZ Z A
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e Jo Job ______ _____ ______ ______ _____
SSaf afe ________ __________ _________ ________ _________
The process...
__ __ ___ ___ __
_________________ _________ _________ __________
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_________________ _________
_
_________________
_______
• Break a job or task into specific steps.

• Analyze each step for specific hazardous
conditions and unsafe practices.
• Develop preventive measures in each step to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
• Integrate preventive measures into training
and standard operating procedures (SOP’s).
Why is it important to involve the employee
in the JHA process?

4 Incident/Accident Analysis
The six-step process

What are the basic steps for conducting an
accident investigation?
Secure the scene
Gather Information
Collect facts

Secure the scene
Gather Information
Collect facts
Develop sequence
Analyze The Facts
Determine causes

Secure the scene
Gather Information
Collect facts
Develop sequence
Analyze The Facts
Determine causes
Recommendations
Implement Solutions
Write the report
What is the purpose of the incident/accident
analysis?

Be ready when accidents happen
1. Write a clear policy statement.
2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies
3. Designate those responsible to investigate.
4. Train all accident investigators.
5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation

and taking corrective action.
6. Identify those who will receive the report and take

corrective action.

Inspect to identify potential
accidents
Struck-by Caught-between
Struck-against Fall-To-surface
Contact-by Fall-To-below
Contact-with Over-exertion
Caught-on Bodily reaction
Caught-in Over-exposure

Weed out the causes of injuries and accidents
Strains
Direct Cause of
Burns Injury
Cuts
Un
gu
ard
ed
ma lay
ch sep
in e Hor
Bro azard
ken eah
Creat
Surface too
ls
rd
a haza
Causes Chem
ical sp
ill
Ignore
y
jur
port in
Defec to re
tive
PPE Fails
Untrained
worker Fails to inspect
Fails to enforce
Lack of time
work Fails to tr
To much ain
Lack of vision No mission statement
Inadequate training
No recognition
No discipline procedures Inadequate labeling
No orientation process Outdated hazcom program
Inadequate training plan No recognition plan
No accountability policy No inspection policy
Root
Causes
Direct Cause of injury- A harmful transfer of energy
that produces injury or illness.
Surface Causes of accident - Specific hazardous

conditions or unsafe behaviors that result in an accident.
Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors

and conditions that ultimately result in an accident.

Analyze to Determine Risk
Probability
• Unlikely to Certain
Severity
• Other than serious -
• Serious physical harm -
• Death -

Factors that increase risk
• The number of employees exposed;
• The frequency and duration of exposure;
• The proximity of employees to the point of danger;
• Potential severity of the injury or illness
• Factors that require work under stress;
• Factors that increase severity;
• Lack of proper training and supervision or improper
workplace design; or
• Other factors which may significantly affect the degree of
probability of an accident occurring.

CONTROLLING HAZARDS
1. Engineering Controls - design tools, equipment,

machinery, materials, facilities

2. Management Controls - Attempt to limit exposure to

hazards.

Why are engineering controls considered
superior to management controls?

Control hazards with effective
education and training
When is it important to train employees?
How do we know safety education and

training has been effective?

If it isn’t in writing…it didn’t get done…
DOCUMENT SAFETY TRAINING!

Sample training certification for specific tasks
• Trainee certification
• Trainer certification
• Supervisor validation

Personal Protective Equipment
What might be some of the drawbacks of

reliance solely on PPE to protect workers?
Interim measures

Effective Maintenance Processes
Two equipment maintenance programs
1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment

and machinery runs safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment
gets back into safe service quickly.
How can we make sure corrective maintenance is

completed quickly?

Hazard Tracking Procedures
XYZ Hazard Tracking Log

Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible Date
Number by Reported by Supervisor Corrected
0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 Jones 9/14/03
0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 Jordan

Plan evaluation
Team Exercise: Discuss the processes your

organization uses to evaluate the safety
management system.

Continual improvement
Consider how the change you propose will impact

elements of the safety management system.

Safety management systems include critical
elements:
1. Management Commitment
2. Accountability
3. Employee Involvement
4. Hazard Identification and Control
5. Incident/Accident Investigation
6. Education and Training
7. Plan Evaluation

Successful change requires effective design
and performance
Continual feedback
Plan and Adopt, abandon, or

Implement Monitor revise program
develop
improvements process as needed
improvements
Plan Do Study Act
What will happen if a change is not carefully

designed or carried out effectively?

THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise:
View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards,
system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity,
corrective actions and system improvement.
Hazard Analysis Worksheet

Describe the Hazard:
Possible Accident Type(s):
Accident Cost Estimates:
Risk:
Recommended Corrective Action(s):
Recommended System Improvement(s):
Benefits:
FINAL EXAM!
You must pass this test to receive credit

for this class. Just follow these
instructions, and answer the questions
one at a time and as quickly as you can!

Think of a number from 1 to 10
Multiply that number by 9

If the number is a 2-digit number.
Add the digits together.
Subtract 5 from that number.

Determine which letter in the alphabet
corresponds to the number you ended
up with.
(example: 1=a, 2=b, 3=c, etc.)

Think of a country that starts with that
letter.
Remember the last letter of the name of

that country.

Think of the name of an animal that
starts with that letter.
Remember the last letter in the name of

that animal.

Think of the name of a fruit that
starts with that letter.

Are you thinking of a Kangaroo
in Denmark eating an Orange?

If not, you're among the 2% of the population
whose minds are different enough to think of
something else.

Let’s
Review!

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OSHAcademy Course 704

Hazard Identification and Control

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 1

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 2

• Explore the elements of an effective hazard

• Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and

• Complete the hazard identification and control

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 3

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 4

It takes a hazard and someone

Hazard + Exposure a Accident

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 5

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 6

• How close are you to the "danger zone"?

• Physical exposure - generally arm’s length

• Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 7

• They are specific: if you can point to a person or a thing, it's

• They may exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,

• They may directly cause or contribute to an incident or

• They likely represent the outputs of a flawed safety

• They are important clues revealing root causes

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 8

Conclusion: Management has some degree of

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 9

System Design Defects - Missing or inadequate program

• One or more inadequate policies, plans, programs, processes,

• Inadequate resources - money, time, people, materials, etc.

• Assures inadequate implementation of the safety management

• Have the greatest positive or negative impact on the safety

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 10

• Managers, supervisors, or employees fail to effectively carry

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 11

How to develop an effective safety and health

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 12

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 13

Observations, informal and formal, are quite

• Employees and managers can spot

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 14

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 15

• Watch your language. Examples?

How can we most effectively recognize

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 16

• Break a job or task into specific steps.

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 18

The six-step process

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 19

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 20

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 22

1. Write a clear policy statement.

2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies

3. Designate those responsible to investigate.

4. Train all accident investigators.

5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation

6. Identify those who will receive the report and take

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 23

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 24

No discipline procedures Inadequate labeling

No orientation process Outdated hazcom program

Inadequate training plan No recognition plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

Surface Causes of accident - Specific hazardous

Root Causes of the accident - Common behaviors

OSHAcademy Course 704 - Hazard Identification and Control 26