1.

Research the
different
bandaging.
Study on how to
apply a
bandage from
head to toe.
1. What was our lesson from the
previous discussion?
2. What are the mechanics of the
game?
First Aid is a set of
measures which
need to be taken in
order to prevent any
further harm being
done to the body of
an injured person in
case of an accidental
injury. First aid has
three main
objectives:
1. To preserve life of
the injured
2. To prevent
deterioration of the
condition
3. To promote
recovery of the
injured
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WOUNDS IN FIRST AID
Type Possible cause Typical characteristics Possible complications

INCISION
: a cut made in something Single clean wound; profuse Tissues such as muscles and
Sharp edge or blade
: a cut made into the body during bleeding tendons may be damaged
surgery

ABRASION
: an injury caused by Multiple minor wounds to
Rough surface Contamination
something that rubs scrapes surface of the skin only
against the skin

LACERATION
Multiple sharp edges or Multiple wounds, maybe with Contamination, extensive
: a deep cut or tear of the
points tearing of tissues tissue damage
flesh

PUNCTURE
:a hole or wound made by
sharp objects/ points
Small but deep wound; Internal bleeding and organ
Thin knife or pointed object
minimal external bleeding damage; contamination
- caused by a
clean, sharp-
edged object
such as
a knife, razor,
or glass
splinter
A superficial
wounds in which
the topmost layer
of the skin (the
epidermis) is
scraped off.
Abrasions are
often caused by a
sliding fall onto a
rough surface.
An irregular tear-
like wounds caused
by some blunt
trauma. Lacerations
and incisions may
appear linear
(regular) or stellate
(irregular). The
term laceration is
commonly misused
in reference to
incisions.
- caused by an
object
puncturing
the skin, such as
a splinter, nail
or needle.
P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E

P
O
I
N
T
S
ALL WOUNDS CAN BLEED. BLEEDING MAY BE
CLASSIFIED DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF BLOOD
VESSEL(S) INVOLVED WHICH ARE:

1. ARTERIAL BLEEDING
2. VENOUS BLEEDING
3. CAPILLARY BLEEDING
How are open wounds
treated?
Home care for minor
wounds
Minor wounds can be
treated at home. First, wash
and disinfect the wound to
remove all dirt and debris.
Use direct pressure and
elevation to control bleeding
and swelling. When
wrapping the wound, always
use a sterile dressing or
bandage. (Very minor
wounds may heal fine
without a bandage.) You’ll
need to keep the wound
clean and dry for five days.
You should also make sure
you get plenty of rest.
When to see a doctor
Although you can treat
some wounds at home,
you should see a doctor if:
 an open wound is
deeper than 1/2 inch
 the bleeding does not
stop with direct
pressure
 the bleeding lasts
longer than 20 minutes
 the bleeding is the
result of a serious
accident
Are there any complications from having an open wound?
The main complication of an open wound is the risk of infection. Call your doctor
immediately if you’ve had a puncture, deep laceration, or serious accident and you’re
showing signs of significant bleeding (hemorrhage) or infection. Signs of hemorrhage
include continuous bleeding that does not respond to holding direct pressure. You may
have an infection if the wound shows:

 an increase in drainage
 thick green, yellow, or brown pus
 pus with a foul odor
Other signs of infection include having:

 a fever of over 100.4°F for more than four hours

 a tender lump in your groin or armpit
 a wound that isn’t healing
Conditions that can develop from an open wound include the
following:
 Lockjaw is caused by an infection from the bacteria that cause
tetanus. Lockjaw can cause muscle contractions in the jaw and
neck.
 A necrotizing soft tissue infection (gas gangrene) can develop.
This is a severe infection caused by a variety of bacteria
including Clostridium and Streptococcus that can lead to tissue
loss and sepsis (a systemic infection).
 Cellulitis, an infection of the skin that is not in immediate contact
with the wound.