MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION

ACCORDING TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

 “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.”

 WHO also defines health promotion as “the process of enabling people to increase control
over, and to improve their health”(WHO,1986).
 Mental health promotion often refers to positive mental health, rather than mental ill health.
Positive mental health is the desired outcome of health promotion interventions
 Mental health promotion is any action taken to maximize mental health and well being
among populations and individuals (Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged
Care,2000).
 Another definition is that the promotion of mental health is the operation by which we
improve the place which mental health occupies on the scale of values of individuals, families
or societies. This definition is based on the idea that when mental health is valued more,
people tend to be more motivated to improve it (Sartorius,1998).Hodgson et al. (1996)
defined mental health promotion as the enhancement of the capacity of individuals, families,
groups or communities to strengthen or support positive emotional, cognitive and related
experiences.
MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION

 The creation of living conditions and environments that support mental health and allow people to adopt and
maintain healthy lifestyles.
PROMOTION & PREVENTION

 Emphasis in mental health promotion is on positive mental health and prevention emphasize on the
causes of disease.
 Prevention focuses on the causes of risk factors to avoid illness, whereas promotion focuses on health.
 The ideals of health promotion are based on ‘what causes good health?’ and ‘what factors or
determinants are linked to health and which of these are modifiable?’ , and ‘how are they modifiable?’
 This salutogenic approach focuses on factors that support health and well-being , rather than disease.
PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH

 The field of public mental health approaches mental health targets at the population level focuses on
enabling and achieving positive mental health.
 It is not just about the occurrence and prevention of mental disorders in the population, but also
includes the promotion of mental health and wellbeing.
 This multidisciplinary area of practice aims to enhance well-being and quality of life for individuals,
communities and society in general.
 Promoting mental health is an integral part of public health and public health must focus on promoting
mental health by addressing the emotional, social, and psychological well-being of the population.
 About 450 million people alive today suffer from mental disorders, according to estimates
given in WHO’s World Health Report 2001.One person in every four will be affected by a
mental disorder at some stage of his or her life. Neuropsychiatric disorders account for
12.3% of the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) out of the total DALYs for all disorders.
Unipolar depression, self-inflicted injuries and alcohol use disorders are among the top 20
leading causes for disease burden among all ages. Six neuropsychiatric conditions rank among
the top 20 causes for disease burden in the 15-44years age group. It is estimated that by the
year 2020,depression will become the second leading cause for disease burden (Murray &
Lopez,1996).
 Mental disorders affect the functioning of the individual, resulting in not only enormous emotional
suffering and a diminished quality of life, but also alienation, stigma and discrimination. This burden
extends further into the community and society as a whole, having far-reaching economic and social
consequences. Mental disorders are often associated with extended treatment periods, absence due
to sickness, unemployment (for long or short periods),increased labour turnover, and loss of
productivity leading to overall increased costs. In addition, because mental disorders are disabling and
last for many years, they can take a tremendous toll on the emotional and socioeconomic well being of
family members caring for the people suffering from mental disorders. This burden is especially heavy
for parents of chronically ill young persons. To reduce the burden of mental disorders, it is essential
that greater attention be given to prevention and promotion in mental health at the level of policy
formulation, legislation, decision-making, resource allocation and the overall health care system.
DRUGS MISUSE

 Chronic use of some drugs can lead to both short- and long-term changes in the brain, which can lead
to mental health issues including paranoia, depression, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations, and other
problems.
 Many people who are addicted to drugs are also diagnosed with other mental disorders and vice
versa. Compared with the general population, people addicted to drugs are roughly twice as likely to
suffer from mood and anxiety disorders, with the reverse also true. In 2015, an estimated 43.4 million
(17.9 percent) adults ages 18 and older experienced some form of mental illness (other than a
developmental or substance use disorder). Of these, 8.1 million had both a substance use disorder and
another mental illness.1 Although substance use disorders commonly occur with other mental
illnesses, it’s often unclear whether one helped cause the other or if common underlying risk factors
contribute to both disorders.
DRUGS THAT CAN CAUSE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

 cocaine
 inhalants
 ketamine
 kratom
 LSD
 marijuana
 MDMA
 methamphetamine
 PCP
 prescription stimulants
 steroids (appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs)
 REPORTED CASES BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND GENDER
(FACILITY BASED)*
CY 2015
MALE FEMALE GRAND TOTAL

TYPE OF
ADMISSION
No. % No. % No. %

NEW
4,010 74.23 315 5.83 4,325 80.06
ADMISSION

RE-ADMISSION 1,031 19.09 46 0.85 1,077 19.94

TOTAL 5,041 93.32 361 6.68 5,402 100.00

 PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS
(FACILITY BASED)*
CY 2015
 AGE : Mean age of 31 years
 SEX : Ratio of male and female 14:1
 CIVIL STATUS : Single 49.13%
 STATUS OF EMPLOYMENT : Unemployed 53.20%
 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT : College Level 28.34%
 ECONOMIC STATUS : Average Monthly Family Income Php 10,172.00
 PLACE OF RESIDENCE : Urban (specifically NCR 43.89%)
 DURATION OF DRUG – TAKING : More than six (6) years
 NATURE OF DRUG – TAKING : Poly drug use**
 DRUGS/SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE :
 Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
 Cannabis (Marijuana)
 Cocaine
*Residential Facilities
**Poly drug users – abuse of more than one (1) drug
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CY 2015

 A total of five thousand four hundred-two (5,402) admissions are reported by the different facilities
nationwide. Of this number, four thousand three hundred twenty-five (4,325) are new admissions, one
thousand seventy-seven (1,077) are relapsed or re-admitted cases from either the same or different
facilities. There are, however, no reported out-patient cases for this year. These are based from the
reports submitted by thirty-one (31) residential facilities nationwide.
 An increase of thirty percent (29.86%) admission compared from the previous year was noted which
may be brought about by the following: Intensified advocacy program of the government to convince
families to love and support those who have drug problems and need to undergo treatment and
rehabilitation; the continuous improvement of treatment and rehabilitation programs, methodologies,
facilities and service; and conduct of In- house seminars and dialogues to better serve those who need
interventions.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

 Around ninety-three percent (93.32%) of the admitted cases are males and seven percent (6.68%) are females.
The ratio of male to female is 14:1 with a mean age of 31 years old. The youngest is 10 years old while the eldest
is 67 years old, and the highest percentage belongs to age group of 30 – 34 years old with one thousand ninety-
three cases (1,093) and with an equivalent to twenty percent (20.23%).
 Almost half of the total admitted cases are single, with forty-nine percent(49.13%) followed by married with a
total percent of thirty-four (34.08), while the rest is almost seventeen percent (16.79%) represents live-in,
widow/er, separated and divorced.
 Based on the educational attainment, twenty-eight percent (28.34%) of the center clients comprised those who
have reached college level, followed by those who reached high school with twenty-three percent (23.12%) and
those who have finished high school at eighteen percent (18.35%).
 The average monthly family income among center clients is ten thousand one hundred seventy-two pesos
(Php10,172.00).
 Of the total admission from various treatment facilities, fifty-three percent (53.20%) are unemployed,
twenty percent (19.77%) are skilled/unskilled workers, and seven percent (6.94%) are out–of-school
youth.

 Almost forty-four percent (43.89%) of the reported cases are residing in the National Capital Region
(NCR) prior to their rehabilitation, while eighteen percent (18.59%) and seventeen percent (17.27%)
come from Region IV-A and Region IV-B respectively.

 As to the age when the client first tried to use drugs, around forty-nine percent (48.85%) of the
reported cases belong to the age group of 15-19 years old. Almost fifty-nine percent (58.52%) have
taken drugs 2 – 5 times a week while twenty-one percent (20.64%) take it on a daily basis.