Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONCEPTS IN
ASSESSMENT
Introduction
• Assessment decisions could
substantially improve student
performance, guide the teachers in
enhancing the teaching-learning
process and assist policy makers in
improving the educational system.
Introduction
A tricky business
1. INSTRUCTIONAL
a) Principal (basic purpose)
- to determine what knowledge, skills,
abilities, habits and attitudes have
been acquired
- to determine what progress or extent
of learning attained
- to determine the strengths,
weaknesses, difficulties and needs of
students
FUNCTIONS OF MEASUREMENT
b) Secondary (auxiliary functions for
effective teaching and learning)
- to help in study habits
- to develop the effort-making capacity
of the students
- to serve as aid for guidance,
counseling and prognosis
FUNCTIONS OF MEASUREMENT
2. ADMINISTRATIVE/SUPERVISORY
- to maintain standards
- to classify or select for special purposes
- to determine teachers efficiency,
effectiveness of methods, strategies
used (strengths, weaknesses, needs)
- to serve as basis or guide for curriculum
making and developing
- to inform parents of their children’s
progress in school
TYPES OF MEASUREMENT
• Objective – as in testing
- more stable
Through the use of test question or pen and
paper test
• Subjective – as in perceptions
– Test
– Quizzes
– Measuring instruments
TESTS
• Classification of Tests
according to manner of response:
Oral or Written
according to method of preparation
subjective / essay and
objective
according to nature of answer
intelligence test, personality
test, diagnostic test, achievement
test, scale test and so on.
Classification of Measuring
Instrument
1. Standard Tests
a) Psychological test – intelligence test,
aptitude test, personality (rating scale) test,
vocational test and professional interest
inventory
b) Educational Test - entrance exam test,
summative test
2. Teacher – made test
Planning, Preparing, Reproducing, Administering,
Scoring, Evaluating, Interpreting
Indicators, Variables, and
Factors
Variables
-A quantity or function that may
assume any given value or set of
values.
-An educational variables(denoted
by an English alphabet, like x) is a
measurable characteristic of a
student.
Indicators, Variables, and
Factors
Indicators
-The building blocks of educational
measurement upon which all other
forms of measurement are built.
- A group of indicators constitute a
variable
Indicators, Variables, and
Factors
- An indicator I= denotes the
presence or absence of a
measured characteristics. Thus:
I=I, if the characteristics is present
I=0, if the characteristics is absent
Indicators, Variables, and
Factors
Factors
-A group of variables form a
construct or a factor.
Indicators, Variables, and
Factors
Example:
The following variables were measured in a battery
of tests:
x1 = computational skills
x2 = reading skills
x3 = vocabulary
x4 = logic and reasoning
x5 = sequences and series
Assessment
• Once measurement are taken of an
educational quantity or quality of
interest, then the next step is to
assess the status of that educational
phenomenon.
Various roles of assessment
Summative role
Diagnostic role
Formative assessment
placement
Summative role
Are used to evaluate student
learning, skills acquisition, and
academic achievement at
the conclusion of defined
instructional period.
Diagnostic role/test.
•A form of pre assessment that
allows a teacher to determine
students individual strength,
weaknesses, knowledge and
skills prior to instruction.
Formative assessment
•Guides the teacher on his/her
day-to-day teaching activity.
•It allows the teacher to redirect
and refocus the course of
teaching a subject matter.
Placement
•A test usually given to a
student entering an
educational institution to
determine academic ability or
skill level in order to place
them in correct class or course.
Evaluation of Learning and
Programs
OUTPUT OUTCOME