(I) GC2 Element 2 Transport v7 October 2015 Revision

NEBOSH International Certificate
Resource Pack
Ian Harries CMIOSH GIFireE RMaPS
© 2015 Ian Harries. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any storage
retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers.
NEBOSH International General
Certificate in Occupational Safety
and Health
(April 2015 Syllabus Guide v1)
GC 2.2
Transport hazards and risk
control
Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

GC 2
Element 2 UNIT CONTENTS
2.1 Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace
2.2 Driving at work

Workplace transport hazards
Mobile work equipment hazards
Controlling workplace transport operations
Knowledge check
2.1 Safe movement of

vehicles in the workplace
LEARNING OUTCOME:
Explain the hazards and control measures for the safe
movement of vehicles in the workplace
GC2 Element 2
2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES
Workplace Mobile work Controlling workplace Knowledge
transport hazards equipment hazards transport operations check
In 2008/2009 workplace transport accidents accounted for:

 45 fatalities
 Over 5,000 injuries
 Over 1,000 major injuries (serious fractures, head injuries
and amputations
 Third highest cause of workplace fatalities was being
struck by a moving vehicle
 A quarter of all workplace vehicle-related deaths occurred
whilst a vehicle was reversing.

GC2 Element 2
These accidents are usually caused by a number of factors,

such as:
 People being struck or run over by moving vehicles
 People falling off vehicles
 People being struck by objects falling from vehicles
 Vehicles overturning
 Communication problems between the driver and
pedestrians.

GC2 Element 2
A key factor in all workplace transport accidents is the lack of

competent and documented driver training.
In a HSE investigation into workplace vehicle accidents, it was
identified that over 30% of dumper truck accidents on
construction sites had resulted from the lack of training and
competency of drivers.
In this case common accident causes were identified as:
 Driving into excavations
 Overturning whilst driving up or down steep inclines
 Runaway vehicles left unattended with the keys in the
ignition and left running.
GC2 Element 2
What are the main categories of workplace

transport operation hazards
 Moving vehicles as a source of harm to pedestrians
 Driver error causing injury or damage whilst driving a
vehicle
 Loading or unloading vehicles resulting in an injury to the
driver or other persons
 Refuelling or recharging of vehicles resulting in fire and
explosion

GC2 Element 2
 Reversing of vehicles
 Poor, uneven road surfaces including poorly drained
surfaces
 Poor, or lack of, directional and warning signs
 Lack of barriers along roadways
 Narrow roadways without passing places or adequate
safe parking areas
 Insufficient pedestrian crossing, with inadequate lighting
and warning signs & signals
 Non-segregation of pedestrians and vehicles.
GC2 Element 2
Types of mobile work equipment
The HSE have identified that compact dumpers, agricultural

tractors and telehandlers are mobile work equipment most at
risk of overturning.
GC2 Element 2
Accidents involving mobile work equipment involve:

 Poor maintenance of the equipment – e.g. defective
brakes, tyres and steering
 Poor visibility due to dirty mirrors and windows or loads
which obstruct the drivers view
 Operating on rough ground or steep gradients which
causes the mobile work equipment to turn on its side 90o
plus, or overturn 180o or more
 Carrying passengers without the proper seating

GC2 Element 2
 People being thrown out as the vehicle overturns and

being crushed by it
 Being crushed under wheels as the vehicle moves
 Being struck by a vehicle or an attachment
 Lack of driver training or experience
 Underlying causes of poor management procedures and
controls, safe systems of work, information, instruction,
training and supervision
 Collision with other vehicles.

GC2 Element 2
Hazards associated with how mobile work equipment are

powered include:
 Fire and explosions as the result of leaks coming into

contact with ignition sources
 Overcharging of batteries resulting in highly flammable
hydrogen gas being generated
 Asphyxiation due to build-up of fumes within poorly
ventilated workplaces.

GC2 Element 2
Employees carried on mobile work equipment

 No employee is to be carried out mobile work equipment
unless it is suitable for carrying passengers
 It incorporates features to reduce risks from wheels and
tracks, so far as is reasonably practicable.

GC2 Element 2
Rolling over of mobile work equipment

Where there is a risk of overturning, this must be minimised
by:
 Stabilising the equipment
 Fitting a structure so that it only falls on its side
 Fitting a structure which gives sufficient clearance for anyone
being carried it if turns over – roll over protection structure
(ROPS)
 A device giving comparable protection
 Fitting a suitable restraining system for persons if there is a risk
of being crushed by rolling over.
GC2 Element 2
Self-propelled work equipment

Where self-propelled work equipment may involve risks
whilst in motion it should have:
 Facilities to prevent unauthorised starting
 Facilities to minimise the consequences of collision
 A device for braking and stopping
 Emergency facilities for braking and stopping if the main device
fails
 Devices to improve vision
 Appropriate lighting fitted.
GC2 Element 2
Rollover protection
 A cab or frame that provides a safe zone for the vehicle
operator in the event of a rollover
 Must pass a series of static and dynamic crush tests
which examine the ability of the ROPs to withstand
various loads and maintain the safe zone around the
operator’s position
 Meet ISO 3471:1994 and comply with the requirements of
the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations
 Correctly installed by a competent person, and not
modified once installed.
GC2 Element 2
Falling-object protection
 Required where there is a significant risk of falling objects
striking the mobile work equipment/driver
 A canopy that is designed to provide protection against
falling objects.

GC2 Element 2
Identify and evaluate hazards associated with vehicle

activities, especially those where vehicles and pedestrians
interact
Assess how effective risk control measures are

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian

routes
Vehicles and pedestrians are segregated by physical
barriers where practicable by:
Well-lit crossing points for pedestrians
Lights, warning signage and signals

Suitable parking spaces and passing places on narrow
roads
Introduction of a one-way system
GC2 Element 2
Evaluate vehicle routes
Are they wide enough for the width of vehicles present at

the workplace?
Are the surfaces well constructed without potholes?
Are they free from obstructions and well maintained?

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate the suitability of safety precautions
Roadways marked with appropriate road markings?
Suitable directional and speed limit signage is in place?
Suitability and positioning of mirrors at blind corners, traffic

calming measures and barriers to segregate pedestrians
and vehicles?

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian

routes
Provision of safe and road-worthy vehicles
Fitted with seats and seat-belts for all persons
Are the dangerous parts of vehicles adequately guarded?
Protection against the elements and/or roll-over protection
Can the vehicle be accessed and egressed safely?

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate selection and training of drivers,

banksmen, etc.
Checking the previous experience and competency of
drivers
Training and information on particular hazards
Refresher training

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate how drivers & banksmen, etc. complete

their tasks
How drivers actually drive in the workplace
Do drivers safely park vehicles in appropriate locations?
Are safe working practices observed?
Are drivers, banksmen, etc. given sufficient time to carry out

their tasks safely?

GC2 Element 2
Consult with safety representatives to ensure
Employees, contractors and visitors are aware of the

workplace traffic rules
Supervision, responsibilities and sanctions for unsafe acts

are known to employees, contractors and visitors

GC2 Element 2
Evaluate how vehicles are manoeuvring or

travelling in the work place by
Introduce a one-way system, where possible
Using road markings and appropriate signage that are clear

to both drivers and pedestrians
Using vehicle banksmen to signal reversing vehicles

GC2 Element 2
What are the physical feature of a traffic route in a workplace

designed to ensure the safe movement of vehicles and
pedestrians?
What measures can be taken to prevent accidents when
pedestrians are required to work in vehicle manoeuvring
areas?

Work-related road injuries
Accident factors
Managing work-related driving risks
Benefits of managing work-related driving
Knowledge check
2.2 Driving at work
LEARNING OUTCOME:
Outline the factors associated with driving at work that
increases the risk of an incident and the control measures to
reduce work related driving risks
GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Work-related Accident Managing work- Benefits of managing Knowledge
road injuries factors related driving risks work-related driving check
 25% of ALL road accidents are work-related

 AT LEAST 26% of all road fatalities are work-related
 AT LEAST 17% of all road serious injuries are work-related
 AT LEAST 900 fatalities PER YEAR are work-related
 Around 20 fatalities PER WEEK are work-related
 Around 250 serious injuries PER WEEK are work-related
 It is estimated that 1 in 3 company drivers will be involved in
an accident each year
 Company car drivers are between 30% and 50% more likely
to have a road accident than other road users

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
 Driving while highly fatigued, especially during the highest-

risk time of the day (between 2pm and 5pm)
 Using mobile telephones, whether hands free or otherwise
 Eating or drinking whilst at the wheel
 While under time pressure to reach meetings, make
deliveries or reach destinations due to poor management
and scheduling
 While on a long journey after a full day at work
 While searching for signs and directions in unfamiliar
areas.

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
As with other aspects of health and safety, the management

of work-related road safety should be organized as follows:
 Policy
 Responsibility
 Organization and structure
 Systems
 Monitoring.
…look familiar at all?

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Policy Responsibility
Organization
and Systems
Structure
Monitoring

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Specific issues relating to the driver

Competency Training Fitness & health
 Experienced and  Properly trained?  Appropriate medical
capable of driving  Additional training certificates for HGV
the type of vehicle? required? drivers?
 Valid licence(s)?  Trained in carrying  Regular eyesight
 Was the driver’s out routine safety test every 2-years.
licence checked as checks?  High risk drivers
valid on  Know how to adjust should undergo a
recruitment? installed safety medical at regular
 Are they aware of equipment? intervals
company policy?  Experienced to  Take a 15-minute
 Written guidance? ensure safe load breaks every 2
distribution? hours
GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Specific issues relating to the vehicle(s)

Suitability Condition & safety equipment
 All vehicles must be fit for  Maintenance agreements to
the purpose they are used manufacturers requirements
for
 Basic safety checks for drivers
 Company and privately
owned vehicles used for  Method for ensuring the vehicle
work purposes must have a does not exceed its maximum load
valid MOT certificate weight
 Appropriate means for securing
loads during transit
 Checks on fitted safety equipment

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Specific issues relating to the vehicle(s)

Ergonomics The load
 Seating should be  Securely and evenly stacked
ergonomically designed to to prevent movement during
ensure the driver does not transit or prevent overturning
suffer any ill-health effects
due to inappropriate seating  Emergency procedures if
positions, driving posture, etc. transporting hazardous
materials
 Appropriate means of loading
the vehicle and unloading at
the destination

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Specific issues relating to the journey

Routes Scheduling Time
 Route selected  Takes into account  Drivers under
that are suitable the natural sleep management time
for class of vehicle cycles of drivers – pressure?
 Checks made on most at risk  Can the driver
issues which may between 2am to make an
arise from the load 6am and 2pm to overnight stay?
– height and width 4pm  Are drivers aware
restrictions, weight  Must allow for of company
limits, slow suitable rest guidance on
moving, level breaks to minimise when to take a
crossings, built up the risk of fatigue rest break and
areas, etc. duration?
GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Specific issues relating to the journey

Distance Weather conditions
 Managers should satisfy  Employees given advice and
themselves that drivers are guidance on driving in
not put at risk from fatigue different weather conditions –
caused by excessive driving e.g. snow, ice, heavy rain,
hours without rest breaks high winds
 Scheduling should allow for
alternative transport to be
used during adverse weather

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Driving risk assessment

Identify the hazards
1
Identify who can be harmed and how
2
Evaluate the risks and decide on suitable
3 precautions
Record findings and communicate to employees

4
Review assessment
5
GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
What do you think the benefits of managing work-

related road safety will be to an organization?
 Improved control over costs, such as wear and tear and
fuel, insurance premiums and legal fees and claims from
employees and third parties.
 Allows for informed decisions relating to driver training and

vehicle purchase, and allows for identification of where
health and safety improvements can be made.

GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
 Fewer days lost due to injury or work-related ill health

 Reduced stress and improved morale
 Less need for investigation and paperwork
 Less lost time due to work rescheduling
 Fewer vehicles off the road for repair, leading to reduced
running costs through better driving standards
 Fewer missed orders and business opportunities so
reduced risk of losing the goodwill of customers
 Less chance of key employees being banned from driving,
e.g. as a result of points on their licenses.
GC2 Element 2
2.2 DRIVING AT WORK
Delivery drivers regularly drive long distances throughout the

year.
a. What hazards are they are likely to be exposed to whilst
driving?
b. What control measures could be introduced to minimise
the likelihood of drivers being involved in an accident?

(I) GC2 Element 2 Transport v7 October 2015 Revision

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NEBOSH International Certificate

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

2.1 Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace

2.2 Driving at work

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

2.1 Safe movement of

In 2008/2009 workplace transport accidents accounted for:

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

These accidents are usually caused by a number of factors,

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

A key factor in all workplace transport accidents is the lack of

What are the main categories of workplace

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Types of mobile work equipment

The HSE have identified that compact dumpers, agricultural

Accidents involving mobile work equipment involve:

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

 People being thrown out as the vehicle overturns and

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Hazards associated with how mobile work equipment are

 Fire and explosions as the result of leaks coming into

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Employees carried on mobile work equipment

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Rolling over of mobile work equipment

Self-propelled work equipment

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Identify and evaluate hazards associated with vehicle

Assess how effective risk control measures are

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian

Lights, warning signage and signals

Evaluate vehicle routes

Are they wide enough for the width of vehicles present at

Are the surfaces well constructed without potholes?

Are they free from obstructions and well maintained?

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Evaluate the suitability of safety precautions

Roadways marked with appropriate road markings?

Suitable directional and speed limit signage is in place?

Suitability and positioning of mirrors at blind corners, traffic

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian

Fitted with seats and seat-belts for all persons

Are the dangerous parts of vehicles adequately guarded?

Protection against the elements and/or roll-over protection

Can the vehicle be accessed and egressed safely?

Evaluate selection and training of drivers,

Training and information on particular hazards

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Evaluate how drivers & banksmen, etc. complete

Do drivers safely park vehicles in appropriate locations?

Are safe working practices observed?

Are drivers, banksmen, etc. given sufficient time to carry out

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Consult with safety representatives to ensure

Employees, contractors and visitors are aware of the

Supervision, responsibilities and sanctions for unsafe acts

Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

Evaluate how vehicles are manoeuvring or

Introduce a one-way system, where possible

Using road markings and appropriate signage that are clear

Using vehicle banksmen to signal reversing vehicles