UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALPEDRO RUIZ GALLO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS

CURSO: SEMINARIO DE ECOLOGIA

NIVELES DE ORGANIZACION
DE LA MATERIA

Dr. ANTERO CELSO VASQUEZ GARCÍA

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LAMBAYEQUE, setiembre 06 20121
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 Oceanic Continental
Crust Crust
Atmosphere
Vegetation Biosphere
and animals Lithosphere
Soil Upper mantle
Rock Crust Asthenosphere
Lower mantle

Core

Mantle

Crust (soil
and rock)
Biosphere
Hydrosphere (living and dead
(water) organisms)
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
(crust, top of upper mantle) 10
(air)
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What Sustains Life on
Earth?
• Solar energy, the
cycling of matter,
and gravity sustain
the earth’s life.

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What Happens to Solar Energy
• Solar energy flowing
Reaching the Earth?
through the
biosphere warms
the atmosphere,
evaporates and
recycles water,
generates winds and
supports plant
growth.

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 Componentes de los
• ecosistemas
Ecosistemas constan de componentes abióticos y componentes bióticos

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 Oxygen Sun
(O2)

Producer
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Secondary consumer
Primary (fox)
consumer
(rabbit)
Precipitation Producers
Falling leaves
and twigs
Soil decomposers

Water

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•
Factores que limitan las poblaciones
La disponibilidd de la materia y recursos energeticos pueden
limitar el numero de organismos en una población

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Factores que limitan las poblaciones

• Las
condicione
s físicas del
ambiente
pueden
limitar la
distribucio
n de
especies

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 Sun

Chloroplast
in leaf cell
Chlorophyll
H2O Light-dependent O2
Reaction

Energy storage
and release
(ATP/ADP)

Glucose
Light-
CO2 independent
reaction
Sunlight 22
6CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
 Abiotic chemicals
Heat
Heat (carbon dioxide, Solar
oxygen, nitrogen, energy
minerals)

Heat

Decomposers Producers
(bacteria, fungi) (plants)

Consumers
(herbivores,
Heat Heat
carnivores) 23
BIODIVERSITY

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 Gaseous nitrogen (N2)
in atmosphere

Food webs on land

Nitrogen fixation

Fertilizers

Uptake by Loss by
Uptake by autotrophs Excretion, death, autotrophs denitrification
decomposition

Ammonia, ammonium in soil Nitrogen-rich wastes, Nitrate in soil

remains in soil

Nitrification
Ammonification Loss by
Loss by leaching
leaching Nitrite in soil 25
Nitrification
The Phosphorous Cycle

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The Phosphorous Cycle

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