PHOTOJOURNALISM

Defined as a Medium of
Communication that uses a
universal visual language
to convey facts and
information in an
honest visual
report of what
happened
right in
front of
the lens.
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
in

PHOTOJOURNALISM
TECHNICAL
VALUE

PHOTOGRAPHY

An art of making
things visible
in the eyes
of people
through
photographs.
PHOTO:
Images Created for Others

< Must contain a strong

story telling feature.

< Should show some-

thing one couldn’t
ordinarily see.

< Should reveal new

information at first
glance.

< Should not represent

photojournalist inner
thoughts.
EDITORIAL VALUE

PHOTOJOURNALIST
Researches and
constructs images
with an accompanying
story for the readers
and takes them
to see things
which the
readers
cannot
see for
themselves.
JOURNALISTIC

Informs
and
Motivates

< Image must be

realistic.

< Reveals fact and

information at a
glance.

< Keeps a strong

Human Interest
component.
 Observe
HUMAN INTEREST
Component

CONSEQUENCE
Event that
Affects People
PROMINENCE

Involving the
Well Known
BIZARRE

The Unusual
The Curious
The Amazing
CONFLICT

A Clash
Between People
TIMELINESS

A Current
Situation
 HOW TO TAKE PHOTOS HAVING
TECHNICAL AND EDITORIAL VALUES
CAMERA COMPONENTS
CAMERA
PARTS & FUNCTION
1. Film Advance Lever – advances
the film to the next frame.
2. Exposure Counter – monitors
number of used film.
3. Shutter Release– controls how
long the film is exposed to the
light.
4. Film Speed Dial and
Shutter Setting – sets speed of
the light entry.
5. Hot Shoe – holds detachable
flashguns.
6. Film Rewind Lever – rewinds
used film.
7. Self Timer Lever – sets auto 10. Lens – a devise that focuses
shutter release. light rays into the film.
8. Aperture Control Ring – controls
how much light reaches the film. 11. Film Release Button – releases
film lock for rewinding.
9. Focus Control Ring – focuses
image at a distance. 12. Clip / Strap Holder – holds
carrying strap
1. Film Rewind
Lever -
2. Hot Shoe -
3. View Finder – a
method so the
photographer can see
what will be recorded.
4. Shutter -
5. Battery Housing –
Holds battery.
6. Film Transport –
Holds and move the
film.
7. Spool – holds
The Body – a light place to
used film. store the film before and
8. Lock – locks after exposure.
cover.
CAMERA TYPES
 35mm Single Lens
Reflex (SLR) – Most
popular camera for
professionals.

Features:
- Whatever the lens sees
the viewfinder sees.
- Quick and easy to
focus.
- Wider variety of lenses
may be attached to the
camera.
 Compact Camera –
a simple
‘point-and-shoot’
type.

Features:
- Usually have a high level
of automation, automatic
exposure control, automatic
focusing, built-in flashgun
and motorized film advance and rewind.
- Some camera has combined shutter and aperture.
- Some camera has either a zoom lens
or a lens offering a choice of two
different focal lengths.
 Camera Lens
a. Standard or Normal Lens –
Gives an angle of view
similar to the human eye.
Has a high optical quality.

b. Wide Angle Lens –

the distance from camera
to subject includes more
but the image size is
smaller and the
depth of field
increases.
c. Telephoto Lens –
a lens that enable to
obtain a larger image of
things. Has less depth of
field and compress the
planes in a picture,
making objects seem
closer together.

d. Zoom Lens –
cover a range of focal
lengths.
COMPOSITION

An emotive word
to photojournalist
on how to take a
subject using
important
elements.
LINE
Straight
Vertical
Line
Horizontal
Line
Curve Line
SHAPE

Circle, triangle,
and rectangle
are shapes
that usually
represent
three
dimensional
objects such
as cylinder,
pyramid and
sphere.
 TONE

Created by Shapes revealed by Light.

Tones of light and dark can make surfaces
seem to protrude or recede.
TEXTURE
FOCAL POINT
RULE of THIRDS

Visual Harmony
PERSPECTIVE
 C
E
N
T
E
R
ANGLE

CA /Low Level
LEFT ANGLE

LA/Eye Level
 RA/High Level

RIGHT ANGLE
 SHOTS

Techniques
applied
to the
actual
size
of the
Subject
inside
the
Frame.
INDOOR SHOTS
OUTDOOR SHOTS
 FRAME

Proper
positioning
of the subject
in a Vertical and
Horizontal frame.
 FRAMING
TECHNIQUES
FILL the FRAME
Ensure that the subject
Fills the frame.
> CLOSE UP
> SHOULDER SHOT

Taken from
head to shoulder.
> BUST SHOT
> WAIST SHOT
> FULL SHOT
> LONG SHOT
EYE CONTACT

In photos,
it conveys involvement.
 CHOOSE
LENS and EXPOSURE
> telephoto lens when a
photographer is unable
to get closer to the
scene.

 wide angle when a

photographer cannot
move any further back
to get the entire scene.
 THE LIGHT

• No Light, No Picture.
• Sunlight has always been the key to photography.
 TYPES
of
LIGHTINGS
NATURAL LIGHT

Light effected by the

sunlight.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

Light effected by
flashguns, flood lights,
incandescent bulbs,
fluorescent bulbs, etc.
LIGHTING EFFECTS
F
R
O
N
T
L
I
G
H
T
I
N
G
 Offers
dramatic
effect with
people,
buildings,
still life.
Best for
scenic
views and
children
SIDE LIGHTING playing.
BACK LIGHTING
TOP LIGHTING
 PHOTO CAPTIONS

• A text which accompanies a picture. It may be several

paragraphs in length or as short as three or four words.

 Be particular of titles, genders, professions, etc.

 Devise a foolproof way of identifying who is the picture.

 Locate people in the picture from left to right.

 Location of the picture should be recorded.

 Double-check information given by the source.

 LINGKING THE CAPTION TO THE STORY

News paper captions are frequently no more than a

line or two in length.

Sometimes the picture’s position on the page and the

layout of text around it indicates the story to which it
refers.

On other occasions the picture and accompanying text

are ruled off from the rest of the page in a separate box.

Individual paragraphs of the text may start with a blob,

or some other design.

A caption should be adjacent to the picture where it can

be found quickly by a reader.
 The first few words of a caption are like introductory
paragraph of a story – they have to attract the interest of
the reader. They should form a link between the picture and
the rest of the caption.

Caption are best written in the present tense – using

the past tense reduces the immediacy of the picture.

Verbs should be active rather than passive.

Avoid using: our picture shows, pictured yesterday,

shares a` joke.
end of lecture
happy photo shooting