INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

What is Dispute
Disputes mainly relate to the strife between
employers and their employees.
According to the section 2(62) of the Labor Act,
2006 Industrial disputes means any dispute or
difference between employers and employers, or
between employers and workmen, or between
workmen and workmen, which is connected with the
employment or non employment or terms of
employment or with the conditions of labor of any
person.
Causes of industrial Disputes:

• Industrial Factors
• Managements Attitude towards
workers
• Government Machinery ; and
• Other Causes
Industrial Factors
1. An industrial matter relating to employment, work,
wages, hours of work, privileges, the rights and obligations
of employees and employers, terms and conditions of
employment including matters pertaining to :
(a) dismissal or non-employment of any person
(b) Registered agreement , settlement or award : and
(c) demarcation (establishing limits) of the functions of
an employee
2. An industrial matter in which both the parties are
directly and substantially interested.
3. disputes arising out of unemployment, inflation,
change in the attitude of employers and rivalry among
unions.
Management Attitude Towards Labor
1. Management ‘s unwillingness to talk over any
dispute with their employees.
2. Managements unwillingness to recognize a particular
trade union , delegating enough or inadequate authority
to the representatives etc.
3. Unwillingness to negotiation and settlement of
disputes.
4. Managements insistence to take care of
recruitments, promotion etc without consulting the
concerned employees
5. Managements unwillingness to provide services and
benefits to its employee's
Government Machinery
1. Though there are number of enactments for
promotion of harmonious relations, it is ineffective and
unsatisfactory due to various reasons like their
irrelevancy in the context of the challenges of present
industrial climate /culture, incapability of understanding
and answering imperatives of development, improper
and inadequate implementation by many employers.

2. The governments conciliation machinery has settled

a very negligible number of disputes .
Other Causes
1. Affiliation of the trade unions with a political
party, where the latter may instigate the trade
unions to conduct strikes, lockouts , gharao etc.

2. Political instability, ruling-opposition relations

sometimes result into industrial conflict.

3. Other potential factors like corruption in industry

and public life, easy money, etc can also result into
industrial disputes.
 PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

Labor Tripartite Standing Grievance

Welfare and Orders Procedure
Bipartite
Bodies

Collective Strong Labor Co- Joint

Bargaining Trade Partnership and Consultations
Unions Profit sharing