I Gede Yogi Riski A 121 15 077 Azizah Agni A 121 17 143 Hasriyanti A 121 17 161 language in social context is focussed on a language acquisition and language learning, significance of language and society. The language acquisition is differentiated from the language learning. The former is unconsciously conducted by a language user, whereas the letter is consciously conducted by a language user. The significance of language in a community is viewed from the viewpoint of its importance in a community, and it is discussed in relation to the three inseparable elements in a community, human being, community, and language. In the social context, language is not only a means of communication but also it is a means of creating and maintaining social relationship among speakers of the language. Social distinction will often show up in linguistic distinctions when we look at the connections between these distinctions we are looking at the variation theory, or variationist sociolinguistics. we come across variable which are that can be produced in more than one way. For example, the “th” sound in “brother” can be pronounced “brudder”, “bruvver” or “bro’er”. Social factors will affect these variations such as the speaker’s age, sex or degree of education. The oldest branch of sociolinguistics is dialectology, the study of regional difference of language. This type of study looks at the settlement patterns of settlers years ago. This can help you explain the regional differences in language in North America. For example, people from East Anglia Settled in the New England area. People who settled along the coast came from the South of England. These people brought speech patterns of their home areas with them. Lexical items show differences by region as well. Soda is called “tonic” in eastern New England, “pop” in the Northwest and “Soda pop” in parts of southern Midland. We will notice regional differences in phonology too, especially in the pronunciation of vowels. The vowels {e} and {a} following an {r} can be pronounced similiarity making words like “merry”, “mary”, and “marry” all sound the same. differences in morphology and syntax can arise in different regions as well. For example “you” is often pronounced “y” all in the South. Contact with speakers of other languages or other varieties is called language contact. New experiences can occur when speakers of different language meet and move towards bilingualism. Code switching and borrowing • Code switching is when people use two or more languages to communicate. Speakers who code switch are often fluent in both of their languages monolinguals think it happens because the speaker is not competent in one of his or her languages. • Borrowing occur when a single language is dominant but single word from a second language will be inserted. If the borrowed word is used enough, it will eventually be corrected by the users and used correctly in the dominant language . Contact languages : mixed languages, lingua francas, pidgins, and croles. Mix languages occur when there is heavy code switching occurring in a language. This is rare and many linguist argue it does not exist. Lingua francas occur when people from two different languages, who communicate often, choose a language to consistently use to communicate. This is an attempt to level the playing field for both groups. A pidgin is an undeveloped language with few grammatical rules and limited complexity. It is often used as a lingua francas and does not have native speakers. When a pidgin’s lexical items and grammatical rule increase, it can transform into a creole. Such as: • Class • Ethnicity • Gender • Situation specific factors • Societies can approach language as a social objects. For example, one variety of English may be considered the standard over another. Some societies even have academies established to maintain the purity of a language. The belief in the correctness of a language variety can have social impacts regarding education or employment opportunities. • Some governments may declare an official language. The official language will often benefit the political and economic power of the ethnic group that speaks that language. This may occur by majority groups perceiving itself as having increased power over a minority group, such as groups attempting to make English the official language in the united states. THANK YOU