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Introduction to Reliability & its
Applications
• The probability that an item can perform a
required function under given conditions for
a given time interval.
1 2 3 30 YEARS
COMPONENT LIFE CYCLE
Mechanical
Components
Reliability Database
Reliability
Electrical Reliability Driven
Components Modelling & Design;
Reliability Database Analysis System Design
Performance
Program Monitoring
Criteria
Instrument
Components and Life Cycle
Reliability Database
Costs
Human Error
Reliability Database
Analysis Framework
Input 1
Output ‘OR’ Gate
Input n
Input 1
Output ‘AND’ Gate
Input n
Input 1
Output ‘Voting’ Gate
Input n
‘OR’ Gate Modelling
‘OR’ P1
Ptotal
Gate
P2
• Example 1: For ESD loop to fail, any failure of Valve or Sensor can
cause total failure.
‘AND’ P1
Ptotal Gate
P2
• Example 2: For kitchen fire / explosion, oven gas should leak as well as
presence of an ignition source.
‘VOTING’ Gate Modelling
Device 1
PD
Device 3
PD
Pfailure t
Temperature Temperature Cooling Water Cooling Water Line A Flow Line A Flow Line B Flow Line B Flow
Control Sensor Pump Failure Pump Motor Sensor Control Valve Sensor Control Valve
Valve Failure Failure Failure Failure Failure Failure Failure
Note: Fault Tree not includes SIL 3 ESD loops at Feed A & B inlet lines
Fault Tree Analysis on Excel (in the
absence of Fault Tree Software)
Example:
A gas/liquid separator operates at high pressure
and require avoiding high pressure gas
breakthrough to a downstream lower pressure
rated vessel if level detection and control fail.
Fault Tree Analysis on Excel