BASIC

LPG
PRODUCT
KNOWLEDGE

ORO OXYGEN CORPORATION

 WHAT IS LPG?
 LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- It is a petroleum product that exist as gas under
normal atmospheric conditions and can be changed
into liquid by an appropriate change in pressure or
temperature.

WHERE DO WE GET LPG? From (2) General sources;

1. Oil or Gas fields. LPG being removed as
condensable products from Natural Gas.
2. At the refineries where crude oil is processed. LPG
is produced by many refinery activities.

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MODE OF LPG PRODUCT TRANSPORTS

TRAILER / LORRY

SHIP / LPG TANKER

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 Chemical
H formula
H H H

H C C C C H BUTANE (C4H10)

H H H H

H H H

H C C C H
PROPANE
(C3H8)
H H H

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  USES OF LPG
LPG is used for cooking, commercial and
industrial uses, poultry, automotive and etcs.

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LPG Applications

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Cooking

Autogas

Heaters
Barbeque

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LPG APPLICATIONS

Poultry farm
heating
Hotels and restaurants

Grain
Grain dryers
dryers
Other industrial
applications

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LPG APPLICATIONS

Asphalt Firing ceramics and

spreading pottery

Baking oven
Forgin
g
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CHARACTERISTICS
 LPG is liquid inside the container, but immediately transform
to gas when released. As LPG evaporates, it looks like
steam, but quickly
become invisible.
 LPG like any other fuels it is flammable.
 LPG like any other liquid expands and contracts with
changes in temperature.
 LPG is colorless, it is as clear as water in the liquid form.
 LPG is odorless and tasteless.
- an odorant “ethyl mercaptan” is added,
to aid the detection of any leaks. 1 liter of
EM approx. 37 MT of LPG.
 LPG is 60% Butane and 40% Propane.

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LIQUID EXPANSION
When At maximum local
filled temperature

3% ullage
space

Maximum
safe fill
volume

If over
filled

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LP GAS DENSITY
LPG is slightly heavier than air and hence if there
is a leak it flows to lower lying areas.

LPG is half lighter than that of a water and hence

it floats initially before it is vaporized.

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FLAMMABILITY, BOILING, TOXICITY
LPG expands upon release and 1 liter of liquid
LPG will form approximately 250 liters of vapor.

 LPG heating value is 46,800

BTU/KG
 LPG flammability limit is 2% to 9%
 LPG boils at 100F

LPG is non-toxic but can cause

asphyxiation in very high
concentrations in air.

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 ADVANTAGES OF LPG
LPG heats fast and instantly, thus reduce time.
LPG equipment controls are
simple and easy to handle.
LPG can be used in many
other ways.
LPG equipment provide max. eff. At min.
operational cost.
LPG is dependable, no power interruption,
ready supply.
Installation and operation of LPG equipment
can be easily understood by the user.
LPG is safer than other sources of fuel.

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LPG CONTAINERS:
LPG is placed in metal containers for easier
and safer transportation and storage. Design,
construction and installation of LPG
containers considered as “Unfired Pressure
Vessels” are governed by standards and
codes promulgated by the American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, the National Fire
Protection Association and the Products
Standards Agency of the Ministry of Trade
and Industry.

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There are two types of LPG
containers, namely:

•Portable cylinders – cylinders with

capacity up to 50 kgs are delivered to the
customer`s home, already filled up at the
bulk LPG refilling plant.
•Tanks – the other type of fuel container
commonly used is the permanently
mounted storage tank. This is normally
refilled at the customer`s place through the
use of a tank truck LPG facility. LPG tanks for
commercial and industrial consumers come in
standard sizes of 120-gallon, 500-gallon,
1,000-gallon and 2,050-gallon water capacity.
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COLLAR PLATE:
• Manufacturer`s name:
• PNS 03-01: 2000
• Serial Number xxxx
• Water Content, W.C. 24.0 LTRS
• Design Pressure 1.7 MPA
• Test Pressure 3.4 MPA
• Tare Weight, T.W. xxxx kgs.
• Thickness, Thk. 2.7 mm
• Tested Date xxxx
• Made in RP

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SAFETY TIPS:
1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas, (LPG) is odorized so that
users can detect leaks. The odorizer is known as
“ethyl mercaptan” which smells obnoxious
precisely to attract attention to its presence.
2. If you detect the presence of LPG, don`t strike a
match or use an open flame to test for leaks. Open
doors and windows to ventilate the room and make
sure that all the burners of gas appliances are
closed.
3. LPG is heavier than air and naturally seeks a lower
level when released to the atmosphere. Hence, a
properly ventilated kitchen is necessary to allow
4. the gas handle
Always to continue escaping.in an upright position.
LPG cylinders

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DO`S AND DON`TS
FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS SYSTEM

DO’S
1. Have the installation or repair made by a
contractor experienced with these system.
2. Periodically, the color of the flames should be
checked. A yellow flame indicates poor
combustion.
3. Once the system is in operation, a person
should use his nose as well as his eyes. LP
Gas has been odorized so it can be detected.
However, exposure to a small leak for a
period of time may desensitize a person`s
ability to smell it.
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4. Brush on a soap solution and look for bubbles
in checking for leaks.
5. Vacate the premises if leak is detected.
6. Turn off the LP Gas at tank.
7. Ventilate the house or building thoroughly if a
leak occurs.
8. Remember that the gas is heavier than air
and will remain in low places for a long time.
9. Correct the problem before using the system
again.
10.Have storage tanks placed away from
building openings so any escaping gas cannot
enter the building.

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DON’TS

1. Don`t look for a leak with a match, candle,

or other open light.
2. Don`t try to repair an unfamiliar system by
yourself. Call an experienced repair man.
3. Don`t open the tank valves and allow vapor
or liquid to escape into the air.
4. Don`t allow weeds and grass to grow or
trash to collect around the supply tanks.

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BLEVE
B oiling
L iquid
E xpanding
V apor
E xplosion

•An explosion caused by a rupture in a

container storing a Liquid above its normal
boiling point.
•A BLEVE is always preceded by a FLASH FIRE.
•The best action to take to prevent a BLEVE is
to avoid a fire in every stage of Handling LPG.
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SAFETY IN HANDLING OF LPG

When handled safely and correctly and

when the user is familiar with its
properties, LPG is as safe as any
combustible material, whereas when
handled carelessly, it can be a lethal
weapon.

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SAFETY IN HANDLING OF LPG
The danger in connection with LPG may be
due to various reasons, which may be
classified under three items :
Overfilling.
Displacement of oxygen.
Leaks/Fire.
The most difficult factor to control is the human
element.

Most mistakes are caused either because of

ignorance or simply because of carelessness.

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 SAFETY CREDO
IT TAKES A MINUTE TO WRITE A SAFETY RULE
IT TAKES AN HOUR TO HOLD A SAFETY
MEETING
IT TAKES A WEEK TO PLAN A SAFETY
PROGRAM
IT TAKES MONTH TO PUT INTO PRACTICE
IT TAKES A YEAR TO WIN A SAFETY AWARD
IT TAKES A LIFETIME TO HAVE A SAFE WORKER
IT TAKES A SECOND TO DESTROY ALL IN ONE

FIRE
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 Safety RULE is a RULE when it is UP-TO-
DATE, clearly understood, consistently
followed, and enforced.

It then becomes a safety habit-former and a

key of the supervisor`s accident-
prevention program.

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WHAT PROPERTIES OF LPG MUST
BE KNOWN TO HANDLE IT SAFELY
FLAMMABILITY
 LPG will burn in either the liquid or vapor
form, but combustion requires both a source
of ignition and a supply of oxygen.
 These three requirement – LPG (fuel), a
source of ignition and oxygen - are
sometimes called “The internal triangle”.
Remove any one of the three and no
combustion can take place.
 The basis of safe handling of LPG as far as
flammability is concerned is to ensure that it
has no contact with either oxygen (air) or a
source of ignition.

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 FIRE TRIANGLE
fu
el

ai source of
r ignition

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HOW TO USE A
FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

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PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Pin
Pressure
Operating
Gauge
Lever

Hose
Body

Nozzle

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 PARTS OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

okay/Usable
pointer

recharge overcharge
for refill not okay

Pressure Gauge

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 P A S S

It is easy to remember how to use

a fire extinguisher if you can
Remember the Acronym P A S S,
which stands for Pull, Aim,
Squeeze, and Sweep.

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P A S S

Pull the Pin.

This will allow you to
discharge the fire
extinguisher

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 P A S S

Aim at the base of the fire.

Aim If you aim at the flames (which is
frequently the temptation), the
extinguishing agent will fly right
through and do no good. You want
to hit the fuel.

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P A S S

Squeeze the top handle

or lever.
Squeeze the handle to
discharge the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the
extinguisher.

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P A S S

Sweep from side to side.

Sweep the nozzle back and forth at
the base of the fire. Once the fire
is out, keep an eye on the area in
case it re-ignites.

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 WORSE SCENARIO

• Remember the Acronym

Pu Tsi Da

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 BULK TERMINAL FLOW OF OPERATION

LOADING PORT SHIP / LPG  RECEIVING  DISCHARGING  RECEIVING PIPELINE

TANKER FACILITY HOSE

SALES CENTER CYL. REFILLING

DELIVERY TRUCK CYLINDER REFILLING

STORAGE TANKS

TRAILER / LORRY
REFILLING PLANT

BULK FILLING 

PORTABLE 
DISPENSING STN. AUTOGAS STATION BULK CUSTOMER LORRY TRUCK

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 C - PLANT FLOW OF OPERATION

BULK TERMINAL TRAILER / LORRY  BULK FILLING STORAGE TANK

SALES CENTER DELIVERY TRUCK CYLINDER REFILLING

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THE END . . .

THANK YOU

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