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Drafting 2323: Pipe Drafting

Andrew Amini
Full Time Instructor, HCC
 Chapter 4-Flange Basics

• Flange-ring shaped device that is an alternative to

welding or threading components together.
• Flanges allows they are more economical, reliable, and
have less leakage than large bore threaded pipe.
• Nozzle-the point where the piping configuration is
connected to the equipment. The beginning of the pipe
configuration is where the nozzle-flange configuration is
at.

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 Chapter 2-Steel Pipe

• Manufacturing Methods: Carbon steel pipe is manufactured

based on pipe strength, wall thickness, corrosion resistance,
temperature, and pressure
• Common manufacturing methods are for seamless, butt-
welded, and spiral welded pipe
• Seamless Pipe-piercing a billet with a mandrel to produce a
pipe that has no seams or joints
• Butt-welded Pipe-Feeding a hot steel plates through shapers
to obtain a hollow circular shape.
• Spiral-Welded pipe-Formed by twisting strips of metal into a
spiral shape

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 Chapter 4-Flange Ratings

• Flanges and nozzles are sized according to ASME. The

pressure ratings are the pound ratings.
• For steel flanges-150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#,
2500#
Cast iron flanges-25#, 125#, 250#, 800#

• Common Relationship for P/T: As the temperature increases

then the pressure rating will decrease

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 Chapter 4-Flange Facings

• The mating surface for a flange, nozzle, or valve is called a

face.

• Flat Face-Commonly in the 150#, 300# rating to make

connections to the 125#, 250# cast iron flanges. Less
cracking due to full surface contact.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Facings
• Raised Face- Comes in 7 sizes (150#, 300#, 400#, 600#,
900#, 1500#, 2500#)
• 150#, 300# hav ea 1/16” raised face
Flanges 400# and above have a ¼” raised face

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 Chapter 4-Flange Facings
Ring-Type Joint-does not use a gasket for a seal but instead
forms the seal via the deep groove in the flange face. This is
considered the best flange but has the high cost due to the
internal pressure seal that is created.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types
• Weld neck flange- Its design is to reduce high stress at the base
of the flange by transferring the stress to the adjoining pipe. This
is used in High Pressure, High Temperature applications. Bore
of the weld neck flange is the key in its design and its fitting to
the pipe. ID of the weld neck flange and the ID of the pipe are
matching.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types

• Lap-Joint Flange-used for carbon or low alloy steel piping

systems. The lap joint flange and the stub end are used for
frequent dismantling for inspection and routine maintenance

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types
• Slip-On Flange-Allows the pipe to be inserted prior to welding.
It is used in applications where there is limitations in space.
The lifespan is much shorter and the cost is lower.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types
• Threaded Flange-This is a great option when welding can not
be done on the flange. The threaded flange is not good in high
temperature, high stress applied. At time a seal weld is added
in order to prevent leakage.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types
• Socket-Weld Flange-Used for small piping systems in high
pressure. The OD of the pipe is inserted into the ID of the
socket weld then they are both welded. This creates a tight
seal to prevent leakage

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types

Reducing Flange-used in the installation of a reduced diameter

pipe. Flow should be from the reducing flange to the large OD. If
flow were to go from the larger pipe to the reducing flange there
would be severe turbulence.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types

• Blind Flange- Serves the purpose of a plug or cap to

terminate the end of a piping system. The Blind Flange is
bolted to form the seal

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types
• Orifice Flange- Is to measure the rate of flow of commodity
through the piping system. They have a hole drilled
perpendicular to the direction of the pipe and they have a set
of jack screws. It has two flanges, two gaskets, one plate,
bolts, nuts, and jack screws. A valve tap is inserted to
measure the flow

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types

• Bolts- are critical since they must match the size of the
flange to determine the size, spacing, and the number of
bolts to be used. Bolt hole alignment is important for
installation purposes.

• Formula: 360 degrees/ (# of holes)= Angular location of

Bolts

• Bolts are available in machine or studs.

Machine bolts have a head end and the rest is threads
Stud are all threads that have two nuts to be installed.

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 Chapter 4-Flange Types

• Gasket-is needed to have a leak proof seal between two

metal surfaces. Gaskets are usually 1/8” size
• Full Face Gasket-

• Flat Ring Gasket-

• Metal Ring Gasket-

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