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About Linux
 ABOUT LINUX

 This article is mainly written for the people who are

not familiar with Linux operating system. I hope
this article will help to understand the history
behind the UNIX/LINUX Operating system. Before
getting into the topic, we will see some important
points of the Linux system
 Most of the computers are using Linux as a
operating system as it is a Command line
interface.
 LINUX is very popular and stable because
computers running LINUX almost never crash.

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About Linux
 History of LINUX operating system:

LINUX can smoothly manage the large

amount of data as it is very efficient.
 The UNIX story starts at AT & T Bell
laboratory in 1969. Ken Thompson and
Dennis Ritchie ported a game, known as
“Space travel” in Multics project. Thompson
wrote a simple file system for porting a game.
In 1973, The UNIX was rewritten in C by
Thompson and Ritchie. In 1979, portable
version of UNIX (Version 7) was released for
general use.
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About Linux
 In 1991, Linux Torvalds who is a student of
Helsinki University developed a UNIX like
system called LINUX, to run on the Intel
microprocessor. The Linux distributions,
developed from 1993 are based on
Torvalds kernel. Different versions of Linux
distributions include Red Hat, Slackware,
Caldera, Debian, Mandrake and so on.
 The Linux can be downloaded at free of
charge. Today, LINUX has become fastest
growing part of UNIX operating system.
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About Linux
 OPERATING SYSTEM OF A LINUX:

 As we all know that the operating system is an

interface between user and computer hardware. The
operating system is a collection of software which
manages computer hardwares and provides services for
the programs.
 Linux is a layered operating system. The services
provided to the operating system in Linux are the
innermost layer called hardware.
 The “Kernel” which is the operating system in Linux
interacts directly with the hardware and provides services
to all the user programs. For the user programs, it is
enough to know about how to interact with the kernel and
no need to know anything about the hardware.

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About Linux
 Multi user Multi-tasking system:

 Linux is a multi user Multi tasking operating

system, which means many users can log in
with each running multi programs at a time.
The kernel will keep each processes and user
separately and manages the hardware of the
system along with CPU, I/O devices.
 As we know that the source code of the
Linux is freely available, means anyone can
add features and corrects the deficiencies of a
Linux source code. Therefore, LINUX is known
as a free open source operating system.
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About Linux
 Architecture of Linux Operating system:
 The main important components of Linux operating
system are:
 Kernel:
 The kernel is the core part of the Linux operating system,
as it manages the hardware devices of a PC and keeps
track of the disks, printers, tapes and many other devices.
The latest versions of the kernel can be downloaded from
http://www.kernel.org.
 Shell:
 The Shell is an interface between user and kernel, known
as Command interpreter. Even though, it is only a utility
program, and is not a proper part of the system, it is a part
which user sees. The shell translates our requests into
actions by listening to the terminal on the part of a kernel.

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About Linux
 The shell is divided into two forms – Command line
shells and Graphical shells. The command line shell
provides Command line interfaces and a Graphical
line shell provides Graphical user interfaces. The
Graphical shell performs operations slower than the
Command line shells.
 Hardware:
 The hardware layer of the Linux operating system
includes peripheral devices like RAM, CPU and so
on.
 It is easy to remember the architecture of the Linux
system as a series of concentric circles. The
innermost layer is the hardware and kernel including
with the next layer as a shell and the outermost layer
is the Application programs and utilities.
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About Linux
 Features of the Linux Operating system:
 Portable and Open source:

 The Linux kernel supports all types of

hardware installations and can work with
different types of hardwares. Source code
of the Linux is also available freely.
 Multi user multi programming:
 As already said, Linux operating system is
a multi user and multi programming
system.
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About Linux
 Security:
 The Linux operating system provides
security systems for the users by using
authentication features such as password protection,
encryption of data, controlling access to particular
files and so on.
 Hierarchical File system:
 The Linux operating system provides standard
structure of the file where system or user files are
arranged.
 Advantages of Linux operating system:
 Low cost: There is no need to spend more time and
money for the license of Linux as it is available for
free and software has GNU (General Public license).

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About Linux
 Stability: There is no need of rebooting the
system periodically to maintain the
performance.
 Performance: Linux can easily handle the
bulk number of users simultaneously.
 Flexibility: It is easy to save the disk
space by installing only selected and
wanted components.
 Compatibility: Linux can run all UNIX
software packages.

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About Linux
 Applications of Linux operating system:
 Due to its reliability and stability, many companies like
Google, facebook, Amazon and so on are using Linux as their
servers. Some of the major application programs that use
Linux are:
 Abiword
 Firefox
 Apache
 Gnumeric
 GQview
 Gedit
 PHP
 Python
 My SQL
 Open office
 Rosegarden

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About Linux
 Some of the electronic devices which
are using Linux are:
 Dell inspiron Mini 9 and 12
 HP Mini 1000
 Google android
 Sony Reader
 Lenovo Ipad
 TiVo Digital video recorder.

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Linux
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