 THIRD COMPONENT

 C-THE GOVERNMENT- The recognition of states

and government- If states are subject to
international laws, this law must determine what
a state is; just as national law has to determine
who are with legal rights and duties and persons.
 THE GOVERNMENT- likewise the Philippines legal
dictionary defined government as the aggregate
of authorities which rule a society -in R.A 912
considering the objectives and context of the
law, embraces government corporations
exercising propriety or governmental functions .
-Sec.2 of the Rev. Adm. Code refers only to
government entity through which the function of
the government are exercised as an attribute of
sovereignty
 In the Philippines, the LOCAL GOVERNANCE has stated in
Article X of the 1987 Constitution that;
 Section 1. The territorial and political subdivisions of the
republic of the Philippines are the Provinces, Cities,
Municipalities and Barangays. There shall be autonomous
regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as
hereinafter provided
 Section 2. The territorial and political subdivisions shall
enjoy local autonomy.
 3. The congress shall enact a local government code
which shall provide for a more responsive and
accountable local government structure.
 Section4. The President of the Philippines shall exercise
general supervisions over local governments. Provinces
with respect to component cities and municipalities with
respect to component units are within the scope of their
prescribed powers and functions.
 Section5. Each local government unit shall have
the power to create its own source of revenue
and to levy taxes, fees, and charges subject to
such guideline and limitations as the congress
may provide, consistent with the basic policy of
local autonomy
 Section6. Local Government unit shall have a
just share, as determined by law, in the national
taxes which shall be automatically released to
them.
 Section7. Local government shall be entitled to
an equitable share in the proceeds of the
utilization and development of the national
wealth within their respective areas, in the
manner provided by the law, including sharing
the same with the inhabitants by way of direct
benefits Section
 8. The term of office of elective local officials,
except barangay officials, which shall
determine by law , shall be three years, and
such official shall serve for more than three
consecutive terms
 9.
legislative bodies of local government
shall have sect oral representation as
may be prescribed by law. Section
 10.No province, City, Municipality, or
barangay may be created, divided,
merged, abolished , or its boundary
substantially altered, except in
accordance with the criteria established
in the local government code and subject
to approval by majority of votes
 Section11. The congress may, by law, create
special ,metropolitan political subdivisions
subject to plebiscite as set forth in section 10
hereof.
 Section 12. Cities that are highly urbanized, as
determined by law, and component cities whose
charters prohibit their voters from voting for
provincial elective officials
 Section 13. Local Government units may group
themselves, consolidate or coordinate their
efforts, services, and resources for purposes
commonly beneficial to them in accordance
with the law
 Section14. The President shall provide for
Regional Development Councils
 Section15.There shall be created autonomous
region in Muslim Mindanao and in the
cordilleras consisting of provinces, cities,
municipalities, and geographic Areas
 Section 16.The President shall exercise
general supervisions over autonomous region to
ensure laws are faithfully executed
 Section17.All powers, functions and
responsibilities granted by this constitution or
by law to the autonomous region shall be
vested in the National Government
 Section18.The congress shall enact an organic
Act for each Autonomous Region with the
assistance and participation of the Regional
Consultative Commission
 Section19.The first congress elected under this
Constitution shall, within 18 months from the
time of organizations of both houses pass the
organic act for the Autonomous region in
muslim Mindanao and cordilleras
 Section 20.within its territorial jurisdiction and
subject to the provisions of this constitution
and national laws, the Organic
  Act Of Autonomous Regions Shall Provide for
legislative powers over;
 1.Administrative Organizations
 2.Creation of sources of revenues
 3.Ancestral domain and natural resources
4.Personal, family, and property relations
5.Regional, Urban, and Rural planning
development
 6.Economic, social and tourism development
7.Educational policies
 8.Preservation and development of cultural
heritage
 9.Such other matters as maybe authorized by
law
 CHAPTER 11- GLOBAL COMMUNITY, ITS
FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
 A.WHAT IS SOCIAL JUSTICE? It is defined as
justice exercised within a society, particularly
as it is exercised by and among the various
social classes of the society. The term and
modern concept of social justice was coined by
the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in 1840.
 B.WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS- Human Rights
are thus conceived as universal and egalitharian
( the same to everyone).These rights may exist
as natural rights or as legal rights, in local,
regional , national and international law.
 Human Rights under the Philippine Constitution,
Article XIII states that;
 Section1. the congress shall give highest priority to the
enactment of measures that protect and enhance the
right of the people to human dignity
 Section2.The promotion of social justice shall include
the commitment to create economic opportunities based
on freedom of initiative and self reliance
 Based on these premises this author wanted to
introduce the CONCEPT OF GLOBAL
COMMUNITY in the following context.
 A.INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS- is an
association between two or more people that
may range in duration from brief to enduring.
This association may be based on inference,
love, solidarity , regular business interactions,
or some other type of social commitment.
QUALITIES OF GOOD RELATIONSHIP
 Some qualities of a relationship
may be evident from the moment
we meet a person. Other traits
develop along with the relationship,
giving the relationship strength and
stability.
 Rapport- Where you feel
comfortable or at ease with other
person. This can be automatic or it
could take time to develop.

 Empathy- refers to the ability to

see the world through another
person's eyes, understanding
his/her feelings and actions.
 Trust-
means that you can depend
on the other person. When you trust
another person you except
acceptance and support from
him/her .

 Respect-involvesaccepting and
appreciating the other person for
who he/she is.
 Mental Expectation- are seen as
relationship grow, partners should
have the same mutual Expectation
for it. The relationship should be
headed toward the same purpose or
goals for both people
 Flexibility-
good relationship are
flexible and can adapt to change.
Circumstances change and you can't
always carry through on plans. You
sometimes have to make
compromises and reasses your goals.
 Uniqueness- the relationship stands
out or is in some way special of
different.
 Irreplaceability- each interpersonal
relationship is as unique as the
people in them and can never be
recreated.
 Interdependence- the other
person's life concerns effects you.
 Knapp's Model of Relational Stages

 1.
Intimating- expressing interest in
making contact and showing that
you are the kind of person worth
getting to know.
 2.
Experimenting- the process of
getting to know others and gaining
more information about them.
 3.Intensifying- an interpersonal
relationship is now beginning to emerge.
Feeling about the other person are now
openly expressed, forms of address
become more familiar, commitment is
now openly expressed, and the parties
begin to see themselves as "we" instead
of separate individuals.
 4.Integrating- identification as a social
unit. Social circles emerge. Partners
develop unique, ritualistic ways of
behaving. Obligation to the other person
increases.
 5.Bonding- the two people make
symbolic public gestures to show
society that their relationship exist.
( Rings, bracelet etc. )
 6.Differentiating- the need to re-
establish separate identities begins
to emerge. The key to successful
differentiation is maintaining a
commitment to the relationship
while creating the space for
autonomy and individuality.
 7. Circumscribing- communication
between the partners decreases in
quantity and Quality.
 8. Stagnating- no growth occurs.
Partners behave toward each other
in old, familiar ways without much
feeling.
 9. Avoiding- the creation of
physical, mental, and emotional
distance between the partners.
 10. Termination- in romantic
relationships the best predictor of
whatever the two people will now
become friends is whether they
were friends before their emotional
involvement.
 B. Inter- territorial relations
 .Aterritory is a defended space. In
the broadest sense, there are three
kinds of human territory as follows:
 1)TRIBAL TERRITORY -We evolved as tribal animals,
living in comparatively small groups, probably of less
than a hundred, and we existed like that for million of
years. It is our basic social unit, a group in which
everyone knows everyone else. Essentially, the tribal
territory consisted of a home base surrounded by
extended hunting grounds. Any neighboring tribe
intruding on our social space would be repelled and
driven away. As these early tribes swelled into
agricultural super-tribes, and eventually into industrial
nations, their territorial defense systems became
increasingly elaborate. The tiny, ancient home base of
the hunting tribe became the great capital city, the
primitive war-paint became the flags, emblems, uniform,
and regalia of the specialized military and the war-chants
became national anthems , marching songs and bugle
calls. Territorial boundary-lines hardened into fixed
borders often conspicuously patrolled and punctuated
with defensive structures-forts and lookout posts,
checkpoints and great walls, and today customs barriers .
 2)THE FAMILY TERRITORY -Essentially,
the family is a breeding unit and the
family territory is a breeding grounds. To
cross this breeding ground puts any
visitors or intruder at an immediate
disadvantage. As he crosses the
threshold his dominance wanes, slightly
but unmistakably He is entering an area
where he senses that he must ask
permission to do simple things that he
would consider a right elsewhere.
Without lifting a finger, the territorial
owners exert their dominance.
 3) PERSONAL SPACE
 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS -refers to a
broad array of service to the public and state
local and tribal governments. It supports
countries municipalities, citizens and business
by providing support services in many different
ways. It analyzes federal initiatives to ensure a
state receives a fair return on the tax they paid
to the government. In its most basic sense,
intergovernmental relations (IGR) follows
William Anderson's (1960, 3. ) definition as, "an
important body of activities or interactions
occurring between governmental units of all
types and levels." The concepts is best
understood in terms of 5 distinctive features
Identified applicable in many other national
context and governmental systems:

The concepts is best understood in terms of 5
distinctive features Identified applicable in
many other national context and governmental
systems:
 1. ) Transcendence of constitutionally
recognized patterns of governmental
involvement to include varieties of
relationships, including national-local, regional,
national-regional, interlocal as with the quasi-
governmental organizations and private
organizations;

2. ) A human element or the activities and
attitudes of person occupying official position
in the units of government under consideration.
 3. ) Relationship between officials involved in
their continues cotact and exchanges of
information and views.
 4. ) Involvement of all types of public officials--
legislator , judge administrators - At different
levels of government as potential or actual
participants in decision-making processes
 5.) A policy dimension, involving
interaction of actors across boundaries
surrounding the formulation,
implementation, and evolution of policy.
IGR involves an approach that focuses on
the location of decision-making, on what
basis, whose values are being served
and the consequences of those actions.
 InFederal and Unitary Systems -Scholar
increasingly maintain that it makes less
difference whether a system is federal or
unitary despite legal difference .Patterns
of operation show similar trends.
 How Intergovernmental relations Affect
Public policy -intergovernmental
relations are an integral part of
federalism and can be define as the way
in which multiple governments serving
the same constituency coordinate and
manage there policies
 Economic Relations-this refers to agreement and
cooperation of people ,government and countries for a
smooth and equitable exchange of resources .
 The Objective of Economic Cooperation include the ff.
.sustainable economic development of member states
 .Progressive removal of trade barriers and promotion of
intra regional trade barriers and economic Cooperation
organization (ECO)region in the growth of world trade
 .Development of transport and communication
infrastructure linking members state with each other and
outside world. .economic liberalization and privatization
 .Mobilization and utilization of ECO region's material
resources. .effective utilization of agriculture and
industrial potential of ECO region. .regional cooperation
for drug abuse control.
 
Principle of Cooperation
 .sovereign equality of the member states and
mutual advantage.
 .linking of national economic development
plans with ECO's
 .joint effort to gain freer acess to market
outside. effective utilization of ECO institutions.
agreement with other regional and global
arrangement.
 .realization of economic cooperation strategy
and exchange in educational , scientific ,
technical and cultural fields