HEAT CAPACITY

Laboratory Experiment No. 2:

RATIO
Physics 73.1 HIJ
Escorido, De Villa, Salazar
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
a.) Definitions
b.) Theory
II. OBJECTIVES
III. MATERIALS
IV. METHODOLOGY

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DEFINITION
 
Heat capacity ratio:
Ratio of heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp)
to heat capacity at constant volume (Cv)

3
EQUATIONS AND
CONSTANTS
  
For an ideal diatomic gas:

where N = the number of gas molecules

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 THEORY
Rüchardt’s method
 Gas is kept in a container
that has a piston on top.
 The piston is then given a
small displacement in the
vertical direction, making it
oscillate about its original
position with a period that is
Figure 1. Setup of Rüchardt’s method
dependent on the heat (left) and a free body diagram of the
capacity ratio. piston (right)
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THEORY
    At
any time t, by using Newton’s
second law, the height of the piston
from the ground is described by:

 m= mass of the piston

 P=gas pressure
 A=cross-sectional area of the piston
 g=9.81 g/m
 =101325 atm
 Approximately no heat is transferred
into or
out of the gas when it is given
quick and small changes in its volume.
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This is an adiabatic process.
THEORY
 
Friction causes damped motion of the piston
in contact with the cylindrical glass.
Underdamped oscillation will be exhibited
due to the pressure exerted by the gas. With
friction taken into account, Newton’s second
law becomes

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THEORY
 

 The equation above shows the linearity of

the graph of vs , from
which follows the heat capacity ratio derived
from the slope of the best-fit equation.
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THEORY
 
 The damping parameter, b can also be
calculated using

 The heat capacity ratio can also be calculated

using

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OBJECTIVES
 Determine the heat capacity ratio using
Rüchardt’s method.
 Compare the experimental heat capacity
ratio with the theoretical heat capacity ratio
of diatomic gas
 Show that the surrounding air is made up of
mostly diatomic particles.

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MATERIALS
 PASCO Heat Engine
Apparatus

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MATERIALS
 Vernier LabQuest
with Gas Pressure
Sensor

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METHODOLOGY
Set up
1. Connect the gas pressure sensor to
the Vernier LabQuest.

2. In the Sensors menu of LabQuest, tap

Data Collection then choose the duration to
be 5s with a sampling rate of
500 samples/s.

3. Connect the gas pressure sensor to the

heat engine apparatus using the rubber
tubing. 13
METHODOLOGY

Measurement 1. Set the initial height of the

piston to . Ensure that there is
no air leakage by
closing the unused part.

2. Start collecting data in

LabQuest then lightly tap the
platform to provide a small
displacement.
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METHODOLOGY
3. Isolate the oscillating part of the
Measurement graph by zooming-in. Measure the
time interval for each peak.

4. Repeat the measurements for

all prescribed

5. Do two more trials. Record all

measurements.

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 METHODOLOGY
Calculation and analysis

1.Compute and.

2.Plot against . Add a

linear fit to this plot.

3. From the equation of the best-fit line,

calculate the heat capacity ratio.

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DATA AND RESULTS
Table W1. Experimental set-up specifications.

Diameter of the piston (m) 0.0325

Mass of the platform and piston (kg) 0.035

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DATA AND RESULTS
Table W2. Measured Data
Piston Period T (s)
height Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 <>
(m)
0.075 0.034 0.034 0.032 0.033
0.075
0.080 0.034
0.036 0.034
0.032 0.032
0.030 0.033
0.080
0.085 0.036
0.032 0.032
0.034 0.030
0.032 0.033
0.085
0.090 0.032
0.034 0.034 0.032
0.038 0.033
0.035
0.090
0.095 0.034
0.038 0.034
0.038 0.038
0.040 0.035
0.039 18
0.095 0.038 0.038 0.040 0.039
DATA AND RESULTS
 
Table W3. Calculation of and

920 13
920 13
920 12
820 11
660 11
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 Table W4. Calculation of heat capacity
ratio
Slope of vs plot 85.125
Y-intercept of vs plot -162.76
Experimental heat -162.76
1.39371
capacity ratio
Theoretical heat
Experimental heat 1.4
1.39371
capacity ratio
Relative %deviation
Theoretical heat 0.44928%
1.4
capacity ratio
Relative %deviation 0.44928%
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DATA AND RESULTS

Pressur
e

Time

Figure 2. Underdamped oscillation of the pressure exerted by the

gas
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DATA AND RESULTS
950
f(x) = 85.12x - 162.76
R² = 0.69

900

850

800

750
 

700

650
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5

 
 
Figure 3. Plot of
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ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
 Damping parameter
 Relationship between height and deviation

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CONCLUSION
 Sources of deviation

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REFERENCES

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