Gandhinagar Institute Of

Technology
Topic : Component of hydro power plant

Subject : Fluid power engineering (2151903)

Enrollment number : 160120119091
Branch : Mechanical Engineering
Division : C1 Prepared by : Prachi Patel
Guided by: Prof. Dhruval Patel
Component of hydro power plant
1. Catchment area:
the catchment area of hydroplant is the whole area
behind the dam, draining into a stream or river across which the
dam has been built at suitable place.
2. Reservoir:
Whole of water available from the catchment area is
collected in the reservoir behind the dam.
To store the water during rainy season and supply the
water during dry season. The purpose of the storing water in the
reservoir is to get a uniform power output throughout the year.
 3. Dam:
A dam is built across a river.
To increase the height of water level behind it which
ultimately increase the reservoir.
4. Trash rack:
To prevent the entry of debris which may damage the fixed
blades and runner of turbine or chockup the nozzels of the impulse
turbine.
5. Forebay:
These are a kind of storage tanks which are presents at end
of the head race pipe of canal.These are input to the pen stock.The
water of forebay is an important factor for small hydro plant as it the
operational head of the plant.
 To serve as a regulating reservoir,temporarily storing water
when the load on the plant is reduced and provides water for
increment of an increasing load while water in the canal is being
accelerated.
6.Surge tank:
It prvides better regulation of water in the system during
variable load conditions.The pressure in penstock is increased due to
sudden decrease in of water flow rate to turbine when load on
turbine.This sudden rise of pressure in penstock above normal pressure
is called water hammer.Similarly,when load on turbine is increased,the
pressure in penstock reduces.Surge tanks is introduced in the system
between the dam and inlet of turbine.
 When the turbine gates are partly closed and water flow into
the turbine is reduced suddenly,water rise in the surge tank so that
normal pressure is maintained in system.
7. Penstock:
To carry water under the pressure from the large reservoir to
the turbine.It is pipes of large diameters and commonly made of steel
through reinforced concrete.
8. Spillway:
To discharge major floods without damage to the dam and
same time keeps the reservoir level below predetermined maximum
level,therefore it is considered safety valve for dam.
9. Turbine:
To convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy
to produce electric energy.
10. Electric generator:
It is used to produce electricity from mechanical energy of
turbine. There are various type of generator used in hydro plant like
synchronous generator, D.C. generator and induction generator.
11. Power house:
The power house consists of substructure to support the
hydraulic and electric equipments and superstructure to house and
protect this equipment.
12.Draft tube:
the draft tube is essential part of reaction turbine. To
discharge water from exit of turbine to tail race.
13. Tail race:
it is a passage for discharge water leaving the turbine or
draft tube into the river.
THANK YOU…