ANEMIA

Arranged by : Ininda Hermanus

NIM : 711440116043
 1. Understanding Anemia

Anemia (in Greek: No blood) is the condition

when the number of red blood cells or the amount
of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein) in the red
blood cells is below normal.
2. Etiology

a.Bleeding
b.Lack of nutrients such a iron , vitamin B12 and folic
acid
c.Chronic diseases , such as kidney failure, lung abscess
d.Blood disorders
e.The inability of the bone marrow to form blood cells
3. Classification
1. Pathophysiologi
1. Decreased production :
deficiency anemia, aplastic
anemia.
2. Increased destruction :
anemia due to bleeding,
hemolytic anemia.
2. In general
1. Microcytic anemia hipokrom
2. Macroctyc anemia
3. Anemia due to bleeding
4. Hemolytic anemia
5. Aplastic anemia
4. Clinical Manifestations

Common symptoms that are often encountered in anemic

patients include: pale, weak, tired, cold sweat, tachycardia,
hypotension, palpitations, Tachypnoea, skin and mucosal
changes, Anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice are common in
pernicious anemia patients .
5. Supporting investigation

a.The amount of Hb is lower than normal

b.Ht levels decreased

c.Increased total bilirubin

d. Visible reticulocytosis and spherocytosis in

peripheral blood smears

e. There is pancytopenia, empty bone

marrow replaced with fat
 6.Anemia Pervention

1. Iron
Many types of anemia can not be prevented.
2. Folate
However, you can help avoid iron
deficiency anemia and vitamin deficiency
3. Vitamin B-12
anemia by eating healthy, varied foods,
including:
4. Vitamin C
 6.Anemia Treatment

Treatment of anemia depends on the cause:

1. Iron deficiency anemia. This form of anemia is treated with iron supplements, which
you may have to drink for several months or more
2. Anemia deficiency of vitamins. Pernicious anemia is treated with injections - which
are often life-long injections
3. Anemia of chronic disease. There is no specific treatment for this type of anemia
4. Aplastic anemia. Treatment for this anemia may include blood transfusions to raise
the levels of red blood cells
5. Hemolytic anemias. Managing hemolytic anemia includes avoiding certain drugs,
treating related infections and using drugs that suppress your immune system, which
can attack red blood cells
6. Sickle cell anemia. Treatment for this anemia may include oxygen delivery, pain
relief medications, both oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent
complications
Thank You For
Your Attention
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