MULTIMETE

ANALOG and DIGITAL

INSTRUMENTATION
R

By:

Jayanth B 1RV15EE025
 Contents
Voltage measurements
Block Diagram
Current measurements
Algorithm - Microcontroller
Digital Readings and Display
Power Measurements
Application in Bio-Medical
Field
References
Multimeter- Block Diagram
 Voltage
Measurement
We make use of a simple voltage divider
circuit to measure the voltage
Arduino can measure a voltage between
0-5V directly using the analog input pins
To measure voltage greater than 5V, we
use the divider circuit
 Voltage
divider
The divider circuit allows tapping of
voltage in the desired range
This is done by adjusting values of R1 and
R2
If R1 = 10KὨ and R2 = 1KὨ, then we can
measure voltage up to (5*(10+1)) = 55V
 Current
Measurement
 Current can be measured in 2 ways
1. Shunt resistance method
2. Current sensor
 Shunt Resistance
1. We use a resistor of known value
through which the current flows.
2. Measure potential drop across the
shunt
3. Calculate current
 Series Current
Measurement

Output if a voltage between 0-5V ,

Read directly by Arduino.
Current-Voltage mapped and output
is displayed
 Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read Vin and Vshunt through Analog pins- A1,A2.
3. Convert Vin to its calibrated value
4. Map the Vshunt to its Current equivalent value (known Rshunt)
5. Take a control input
5.1 If Input =00
5.1.1 Power = Voltage X Current
5.1.2 Display Power
5.2 If Input =01 – Display Voltage
5.3 If Input =10 – Display Current
6. End
 Digital Signals and
Outputs
Arduino is connected to a 16X2 LCD
display.
This display is used to show the digital
values of the inputs.
The values given to the LCD are the
values obtained after A-D conversion
 Power
Measurements
DC powers can be measured by
connection the device as shown.
Both the current and voltage values are
read by the Arduino by delays in MUX in
Arduino.
The final power (dc) will be displayed on
the screen.
 Application in Bio Medical Field

Recording the ECG

 To record the ECG we need a transducer capable of
converting the ionic potentials generated within the
body into electronic potentials.
 The electrode most commonly used for ECG signals,
the Silver - silver chloride electrode, is closer to a non
polarisable electrode.
 The resistors and capacitors may not be exactly equal.
 Half cell potentials E and E' should be very similar.
 Hence V should represent the actual difference of
ionic potential between the two points on the body
where the electrodes have been placed.
 References
Digital Multimeter Design- Glen A Mazur
Design And Construction Of Digital Multi-
Meter Using PIC Microcontroller- Khawn Nue,
Dr. KyawSoe Lwin, Hla Myo Tun
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC &
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 4, ISSUE
07, JULY 2015, ISSN 2277-8616 )
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/dire
ct-current/chpt-8/multimeters/ - All about
Electronics
 Physics of Everything – Halliday Resnick
Walker