INTRODUCTION The principal elements that make teaching and learning possible and attainable are the teachers, the learners, and a conducive learning environment The teacher serves as the prime mover of the educational wheel; The learners are the key participants in the learning process. The favorable environment provides essential features and ingredients that could make a headway in guiding the processes and methodologies. The Learner The learner is an embodied spirit. He is neither body nor spirit. The Fundamental Equipment of the Learner The learner is equipped with cognitive as well as appetitive faculties. Their cognitive faculties include the: Five senses Instinct Imagination Memory Intellect The Fundamental Equipment of the Learner The learner is equipped with cognitive as well as appetitive faculties. Their appetitive faculties include the: Feelings and emotion Rational will Five distinguishing elements of the learner Ability – capacity to understand and assimilate information for their own use and application. Aptitude – refers to the student’s innate talent or gift; a natural capacity to learn certain skills. Interests – they vary in activities that are undertaken due to a strong appeal or attraction. Five distinguishing elements of the learner Family and Cultural Background – students who come from different socioeconomic background manifest a wide range of behavior due to differences in upbringing practices. Attitudes – have a unique way of thinking and reacting; refers to an individual’s perspective and disposition. Five distinguishing elements of the learner Some positive attitudes are: Curiosity – anxious to know more about an object or event by endlessly questioning. Responsibility – pursue assigned task to completion despite personal constraints. Creativity – capable of generating own ideas of doing things. Persistence – sustain interest in a learning activity not mindful of the extra time and effort spent. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Spatial Intelligence Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence Musical Intelligence Interpersonal Intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence Naturalist Intelligence Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory The ninth intelligence Existential intelligence / spiritual intelligence / cosmic smarts Learning Styles Sensing-Thinking (MASTERY) Intuitive-Thinking (UNDERSTANDING) Intuitive-Feeling (SELF-EXPRESSIVE) Sensing-Feeling (INTERPERSONAL)