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Naming Compounds
Writing Formulas
Periodic Table
More than a list of elements.
Put in columns because of similar
properties.
Each column is called a group.
1A
Representative elements 0
The group A 5A 7A
2A elements 3A4A 6A
The tall columns
Metals
Transition metals
The Group B
elements
Dull Non-metals
Brittle
Nonconductors
- insulators
Metalloids or Semimetals
Properties of both
Semiconductors
Atoms and ions
Atoms are electrically neutral.
Same number of protons and electrons.
Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with
a charge.
Different numbers of protons and
electrons.
Only electrons can move.
Gain or lose electrons.
Anion
A negative ion.
Has gained electrons.
Non metals can gain electrons.
Charge is written as a superscript on the
right.
C6H12O6
Formula Unit
The smallest whole number ratio of
atoms in an ionic compound.
Ions surround each other so you
can’t say which is hooked to which.
Charges on ions
For most of Group A elements,
location on the Periodic Table can
tell what kind of ion they form
Elements in the same group have
similar properties.
Including the charge when they are
ions.
Charge in groups 1A, 2A and
1+ 3A is the group number
2+ in 5A, 6A and 7A 3+ 3- 2- 1-
is the group
number - 8
Can also use electron dots
If it has a few
it loses them
Al
K + 3+
If it has many,
3-
it gains
enough for
octet
F
N -
What about the others?
We have to figure those out some
other way.
More on this later.
Naming ions
Cation- if the charge is always the
same (Group A) just write the name
of the metal.
Most transition metals can have
more than one type of charge.
Indicate the charge with Roman
numerals in parenthesis.
Co2+ Cobalt(II) ion
Naming ions
A few, like silver, zinc and cadmium
only form one kind of ion
Don’t get roman numerals
Ag+ silver ion
Zn2+ zinc ion
Cd2+ cadmium ion
Name these
Na1+ Sodium ion
Ca2+ Calcium ion
Al3+ Aluminum ion
Fe3+ Iron(III) ion
Fe2+ Iron(II) ion
Pb2+ Lead(II) ion
Li1+ Lithium ion
Write Formulas for these
1+
Potassium ion K
Magnesium ion Mg2+
2+
Copper(II) ion Cu
6+
Chromium(VI) ion Cr
Barium ion Ba2+
2+
Mercury(II) ion Hg
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same.
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluorine
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same.
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluorin
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluori
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluor
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluori
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluorid
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluoride
Naming Anions
Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to –
ide
F1- Fluoride ion
Name these
Cl1- Chloride ion
N3- Nitride ion
Br1- Bromide ion
O2- Oxide ion
Ga3+ Gallium ion
Write these
Sulfide ion S2-
Iodide ion I1-
Phosphide ion P3-
Strontium ion Sr2+
Polyatomic ions
Groups of atoms that stay together
and have a charge.
Covalently bonded
You must memorize these. (pg 257)
1- ions
Acetate C2H3O21-
Nitrate NO31-
Nitrite NO21-
Hydroxide OH1-
Permanganate MnO41-
Cyanide CN1-
1- ions
Perchlorate ClO41-
Chlorate ClO31-
Chlorite ClO21-
Hypochlorite1-
2- ions
Sulfate SO42-
Sulfite SO32-
Carbonate CO32-
Chromate CrO42-
Dichromate Cr2O72-
Silicate SiO32-
3- ions
Phosphate PO43-
Phosphite PO33-
1+ ion
Ammonium NH41+
Adding Hydrogen to Polyatomics
Hydrogen ions are 1+
Attach to other polyatomic ions-
changes charge by one
Sulfate SO42-
Na2S
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
The problem comes with the transition
metals.
Cation name includes the charge.
The compound must be neutral.
same number of + and – charges.
Use the negative charge to find the
charge on the positive ion.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of CuO
Need the charge of Cu
O is 2-
copper must be 2+
Copper(II) oxide
Name CoCl
3
Cl is 1- and there are three of them = 3-
Co must be 3+
Cobalt(III) chloride
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of Cu2S.
Since S is 2-, the Cu must be 2+, so
2
each one is 1+.
copper(I) sulfide
Fe O
2 3
Each O is 2- 3 x 2- = 6-
2 Fe must = 6+, so each is 3+.
iron(III) oxide
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the names of the following
KCl
Na3N
CrN
Sc3P2
PbO
PbO2
Na2Se
Ternary Ionic Compounds
Will have polyatomic ions
At least three elements (3 capital letters)
Still just name the ions
NaNO3
CaSO4
CuSO3
Ternary Ionic Compounds
(NH4)2O
Fe(OH)3
LiCN
(NH4)2CO3
NiPO4
Writing Formulas
The charges have to add up to zero.
Get charges on pieces.
Cations from name or periodic table.
Anions from periodic table or polyatomic.
Balance the charges by adding subscripts.
Put polyatomics in parenthesis if there is
more than one of them
Writing Formulas
Write the formula for calcium chloride.
Calcium is Ca2+
Chloride is Cl1-
Ca2+ Cl1- would have a 1+ charge.
2+
Ba2 N33-
Ba3 N2
Reduce ratio if possible
Write the formulas for these
Lithium sulfide
tin (II) oxide
tin (IV) oxide
Copper (II) sulfate
Iron (III) phosphide
gallium nitrate
Iron (III) sulfide
ammonium sulfide
Write the formulas for these
Ammonium chloride
barium nitrate
Roman Polyatomic?
Numeral?
Yes No Yes No
Charge Charge Formula Charge
from from and from
name table charge table
from
memory
M+X Nm-Y
MYNmX
Ionic
Yes
Group
1A, 2A Poly
or 3A? atomic?
Yes Yes No
No
Yes
No
No
Does Name 2
have a prefix?
Yes
Prefix Prefix
Nm Nm
X xY y
Yes
No
Yes
Is X a
metal?
No
Prefix+name Prefix+name+ide
(no mono)
Molecular
Acids
Nitric acid
change the suffix -ite to -ous acid
Nitrous acid
Name these
HF
H3P
H2SO4
H2SO3
HCN
H2CrO4
Writing Formulas
Hydrogen will always be first
name will tell you the anion
make the charges cancel out.
Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide
no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite
comes from -ous
Write formulas for these
hydroiodic acid
acetic acid
carbonic acid
phosphorous acid
hydrobromic acid
diagram
Name 1 Name 2
Is Name 2
acid? Yes
No
No
Does Name 2
have a prefix?
Yes
No
Hydro- ?
No
Yes
-ic acid?
Charge
from
Yes No
table
-ate -ite
Nm-Y
HYNm
X xY y
Is X Yes
hydrogen?
No
Yes
Is X a
metal?
No
Oxygen?
Yes
-ate?
No
No
Yes
Acid
38.Name these acids
a) H2C2O4 b) HF c) HClO2 d) H2CO3
39.Write formulas for these compounds
a) nitrous acid b) hydroselenic acid
c) phosphoric acid d) acetic acid
43. Name these compounds
a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3
d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3
g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4
44. Write formulas for these
a) Phosphorus pentabromide
b) Carbon chloride
c) potassium permanganate
43. Name these compounds
a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3
d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3
g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4
44. Write formulas for these
a) Phosphorus pentabromide
b) Carbon chloride
c) potassium permanganate
d) Calcium hydrogen carbonate
e) dichlorine heptoxide
f) trisilicon tetrahydride
g) sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Summary
Periodic table
– Grouped by properties
Metals- make cations
– 2 types those with () and those without
Nonmetals make anions
– Three types
• Without O -ide
• With O -ite and -ate
Only electrons can move to make ions
Summary
Make all the decisions.
First determine type of compound
Then figure out name or formula
Acid = H to start
Metal = Ionic
No H, No metal = molecular
Only molecular get prefixes
Roman numeral is NOT how many
Hydro means no O