Project on Pollution

Presented By -

• Oritri Jha (Class IX, Section B, Roll 7)

• Shreya Ghosh (Class IX, Section B, Roll 8)

• Tiasha Paul (Class IX, Section B, Roll 18)

• Madhumita Dutta (Class IX, Section B, Roll 34)

 INTRODUCTION
Before we get into the sources of pollution, it is important for us
to know the definition of the term “Pollution”.
Pollution is basically the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause undesirable and adverse changes. These
contaminants that cause pollution are called “Pollutants”.
Pollutants can be in Biological, Physical and Chemical substances
or even energy, such as noise, heat or light. These pollutants can be in
the form of solid, liquid or gas whose excess release into the
environment can cause direct effects or indirect effects through chain
reactions.
 TYPES OF POLLUTION
There are primarily 4 major types of pollution recognized in today’s world.
a. Air pollution.
b. Water pollution.
c. Soil/Land pollution.
d. Noise Pollution.

SOURCES OF POLLUTION
There are numerous sources that have been studied to cause various forms
of pollution today. Sources of pollution can be categorized into 2 major
categories.

• Natural sources
• Anthropogenic sources (Man made sources)
 Natural sources

Sources from the natural environment that release pollutants that

contaminate the environment. These sources are mainly natural
calamities like Volcanic eruptions and forest fires, that release large
amounts of CO2 and other harmful gases and material into the
environment.
 Anthropogenic sources
(Man made sources)
These are man made sources or activities caused by humans that
release pollutants and contaminants that harm the environment. The
most common examples of Anthropogenic sources of pollution are
• Burning of fossil fuels for energy generation. (Thermal power stations,
etc.)
• Emissions from various modes of transportation.
• Agricultural waste run offs.
• Oil spills
• Improper waste management and disposal.
 Air pollution
Air pollution is the disturbance in the atmosphere the pollutants like
smoke from vehicle and factories, dust particles, odor makes the air dirt and
results in air pollution which is
harmful to humans, animals
and plant.
 Water pollution
It is defined as the presence in groundwater of toxic chemicals and
biological agents that exceed what is naturally found in the water and may pose
a threat to human health or the environment. Additionally, water pollution may
consist of chemicals introduced
into the water bodies as a result
of various human activities.
Any amount of those
chemicals pollutes the water,
regardless of the harm they may
pose to human health and the
environment.
 Soil pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants
or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human
health and the ecosystem.

In the case of contaminants which

occur naturally in soil , even when their
levels are not high-enough to pose a
risk, soil pollution is still said to occur if
the levels of the contaminants in oil
exceed the levels that should naturally
be present.
 Noise pollution
Noise pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to
elevated sound levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or
other living organisms. According to the World Health Organization,
sound levels less than 70 dB are
not damaging to living
organisms, regardless of how
long or consistent the exposure is.
Exposure for more than 8
hours to constant noise beyond 85
dB may be hazardous. If you
work for 8 hours daily in close
proximity to a busy road or
highway, you are very likely
exposed to traffic noise pollution
around 85dB.