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ELECTROLYTES
60% of the weight of a typical adult
consists of fluid
Hypertonic dehydration
Excessive perspiration
Hyperventilation
Diarrhea
ESRD
Diabetes insipidus
Hypotonic dehydration
Excessive fluid replacement
Renal failure
Chronic malnutrition
Chronic illness
Assessment findings
Increased pulse rate
Decreased BP and orthostatic (postural)
hypotension
Diminished peripheral pulses
Fever
Decreased urinary output
Dry skin
Poor skin turgor
Dry mouth
Constipation
Increased rate and depth of respirations
Thirst
Decreased body weight
Increased hematocrit
Interventions
Monitor cardiovascular, respiratory,
neuromuscular, renal, integumentary, and
gastrointestinal status
Hypertonic overhydration
Excessive sodium ingestion
Rapid infusion of hypertonic saline
Hypotonic overhydration
Congestive heart failure
SIADH
Inadequately controlled IV therapy
Assessment findings
Bounding, increased pulse rate
Elevated BP
Distended neck and hand veins
Elevated CVP
Dyspnea
Moist crackles on auscultation
Pitting edema in dependent areas
Skin pale and cool to touch
Increased motility of the GI tract
Polyuria
Projectile
vomiting
Decreased hematocrit
Interventions
Monitor cardiovascular, respiratory,
neuromuscular, renal, integumentary, and
gastrointestinal status
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Osmotic Diuretics
Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular
filtrate, thus preventing reabsorption of
water
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Assignment
Form 4 groups, do a drug study of the
chosen class of diuretic, and make your
own mnemonic for that chosen class