DESIGN

OF
AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEM

BY: ENGR. DENNIS M. BELANIO

 VENTILATION

1. COMPUTE FOR THE VOLUME OF SPACE. IN CUBIC FEET .

2. GET THE AIR CHANGE, FROM TABLE.
3. USE STANDARD VELOCITY, 1200FEET/MIN.
NUMBER OF AIR CHANGE REQUIRED PER HOUR
APPLICATION Air Change
1. Lavatories 15 - 25
2. Factory Building
( where excessive condition of fumes and moisture are
present ) 15 - 20
Paper Mills
Textile Mills and Dye House
3. Hotel Kitchen 10 – 20
4. Auditorium & Assembly Rooms
Boiler Room
Paint Shop 10 – 15
Garage
Churches
5. Schools 10 – 12
6. Foundries 12
7. Pump Room 8 – 10
8. Wood Working Shop 8
9. Machine Shop 6
10. Theater 5–8
11. Engine Room 4–6
12. Factory Building ( General )
Hotel Dining Room
Rail Road
4
Textile ( General )
Waiting Room
Ware House
13.General Offices
3
Libraries
4. FAN KW = Q X H X 1.2 / 6120 X EFF.
WHERE: Q : AIR FLOW ( CUM/MIN)
H : REQUIRED STATIC PRESSURE , MMAQ
FOR CENTRIFUGAL FAN USE 50MMH2O
EFF : FAN EFFICIENCY , STANDARD 50%
1.2 : SAFETY FACTOR
FAN SELECTION
TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

The most common refrigerants are the fluorinated

hydrocarbons, but numerous other substances also
function well as refrigerants, including many
inorganic compounds and hydrocarbons.
TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Haolocarbon compounds

The halocarbon group includes refrigerants which contain one or more of the
three halogens chlorine, fluorine, and bromine. The numerical designation, the
chemical name, and the chemical formula of some of the commercially
available members of this group are shown in the Table.

The numbering system in the halocarbon group follows this pattern: the first
digit on the right is the number of fluorine atoms in the compound; the
second digit from the right is one more than the number of hydrogen atoms
inthe compund; and the
third digit from the right is one less than the numver ofcarbon atoms. When
the thrid digit is zero, it is omitted.
TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Some halocarbon refrigerants

Numerical Chemical
Chemical name
designation formula
11 Trichloromonofluoromethane CCl3F
12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2
13 Monochlorotrifluoromethane CClF3
22 Monochlorodifluoromethane CHCLF2
40 Methyl chloride CH3Cl
113 Trichlorotrifluoroethane CCl2FCClF2
114 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane CClF2CClF2
TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Azeotropes

An azeotropic mixture of two substances is one which cannot

be separated into its components by distillation. An
azeotrope evaporates and condenses as a single substance
with properties that are different from those of either
constituent. The most popular azeotrope is refrigerant 502,
which is a mixture of 48.8 percent refrigerant 22 and 51.2
percent refrigerant 115.
TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Some Inorganic refrigerants

Nume
ri
cal C
hemi
cal
Ch
em i
calname
d
es
i
gna
ti
o n† f
orm
ula
71
7 A
m monia NH3
71
8 Wat
er HO
2
72
9 A
ir
74
4 C
ar
b o
n di
oxi
de C O2
76
4 S
ul
furdi
oxid
e SO2

† The last two digits are the molecular weight.

TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Nu
m e
r
i
cal
C
h
em
i
cal
nam
eC
he
mi
cal
for
mul
a
d
e
si
gna
t
io
n†
50 Me
tha
ne CH4
1
70 Et
ha
ne C2H6
1
90 Pr
opa
ne C3H8

† Follows same principle as the halocarbon scheme.

TYPES OF REFRIGERANTS USED IN AIR-CONDITIONING

Thermodynamic characteristics of several refrigerants

Operation on a standard vapor-compression cycle with an evaporating

temperature of -15C and a condensing temperature of 30C

E
vap
o r
at Condens R
efrig era Su ction
R
efr
ige in
g in
g P r
ess ur
e tin g v ap o rflo w
C
OP
rant pre
ssure, p
re
ssu r
e, ratio e ffec t perk W of
kPa Kpa K J /kg refr
ig er atio
n
11 20
.4 1
25.5 6.1 5 15 5.4 4 .90 5
.0
3
12 1
82.7 7
44.6 4.0 8 11 6.3 0 .78 2 4
.7
0
22 2
95.8 1 19
2 .1 4.0 3 16 2.8 0 .47 6 4
.6
6
502 3
49.6 1 30
8 .6 3.7 4 10 6.2 0 .48 4 4
.3
7
717 2
36.5 1 16
6 .6 4.9 3 11 0 3.4 0 .46 2 4
.7
6
Air Conditioning System Heat Load Determination

General Method
Show how to compute the total heat load for an
air condition building fitted with windows, internal
heat from people and machines and heat
transmission grains from wall, roof and floor.
STEP 1. DETERMINE THE DESIGN
OUTDOOR AND INDOOR
CONDITIONS.

INSIDE CONDITION
75 °F RH °60% ENTHALPY – 30BTU/LB

OUTSIDE CONDITION
TDRY = 98°F TWET = 80 °F ENTHALPY
45BTU/LB
STEP 2. CALCULATE REQUIRED BTU/HR TO CONTROL
SPACE TEMPERATURE TO BE COOLED.

ASSUMED AIR CHANGED PER HOUR IN A ROOM = 2.5 OR

10 TO 50 CFM PER PERSON FOR PROPER VENTILATION.
INSIDE CONDITION OUTSIDE CONDITION
TEMP 75°F TEMP 98°F DRY BULB
RH 60% TEMP 80°F WET BULB
ENTHALPY 30 BTU/LB ENTHALPY 45BTU/LB

SPACE TO BE COOLED = SENSIBLE HEAT + LATENT HEAT

SENSIBLE HEAT = FLOOR AREA (FT²) X (8’ HT) X 2.5 AIR
CHANGE/HR X 0.076 X 0.24 X (98°-75°)
= FLOOR AREA (FT²) X 8.45

NOTE:
DENSITY OF AIR = 0.076
CP AIR = 0.24
Latent heat = floor area (ft²) x (8’ ht) x 2.5 air change/hr x
0.076 x (h2 – h1)

= floor area (ft²) x 8 x 2.5 x 0.076 x (45-30)

= floor area x 22.80

Space to be cooled BTU/hr = Area (ft²) x (8.45 + 22.8)

BTU/hr = Area (ft²) x (31.25)

 Step 3. Compute heat load thru glass, roof
and walls
Heat loss thru a building surface
HL = U area ▲t
HL = Heat loss in BTU/Hr
U = coefficient of heat transmission for the material
▲t = Temperature difference (Outside Temp. - Inside temp.)

Typical area and heat transfer coefficient

Building surface Type U BTU/sqft. Hr °F

Walls 8” thick brick 0.5
Residential wall 0.25
Commercial wall 0.33
Roof 2” concrete 0.82
Residential roof & ceiling 0.31
Commercial roof & ceiling 0.40
Windows Ordinary glass 1.13
Storm window 0.45
Double window 0.65
3.A HEAT LOAD THRU ROOF
BTU / HR = .82 X AREA OF ROOF ( SQ. FT ( ∆T )

3.B HEAT LOAD THRU WALLS

BTU / HR = 0.5 X AREA OF WALL ( SQ. FT ) ( ∆T )

3.C HEAT LOAD THRU WINDOWS

BTU = 1.13 X AREA OF WINDOWS ( SQ. FT ) ( ∆T )
STEP FOUR

CALCULATE THE HEAT GENERATED BY

OCCUPANTS, ALLOW 600 BTU PER PERSON.

OCCUPANT BTU/HR = NUMBER OF PEOPLE

X 600

NOTE: HEAT GENERATED BY PERSON IS FROM 200 TO 800 BTU

PER PERSON DEPENDS ON THE ACTIVITY.
STEP FIVE

CALCULATE THE HEAT GENERATED BY EACH ITEM

OF MACHINERY - COPIERS, COMPUTERS, OVENS
ETC. FIND THE POWER IN WATTS FOR EACH ITEM,
ADD THEM TOGETHER AND MULTIPLY BY 3.4

EQUIPMENT BTU/HR = TOTAL EQUIPMENT

WATTS X 3.4
STEP SIX

CALCULATE THE HEAT GENERATED BY LIGHTING.

FIND THE TOTAL WATTAGE FOR ALL LIGHTING AND
MULTIPLY BY 4.25

LIGHTING BTU/HR = TOTAL LIGHTING WATTS X

4.25
Step Seven

Add the above together to find the total heat load.

Total heat load BTU/hr = Area BTU/hr + Total

Window,walls & roof BTU/hr + Occupant BTU/hr +
Equipment BTU/hr + Lighting BTU/hr
STEP EIGHT

AIRCON CAPACITY IN TONS = TOTAL HEAT LOAD BTU / HR

12 000 BTU / HR
GIVEN:
AREA TO BE AIR-CONDITIONED
 PROPOSED HANDYMAN (Hardware Store)

36 m
1. Get the total area to be air-conditioned. (m2)
A=LxW
 PROPOSED HANDYMAN (Hardware Store)

36 m
1. Get the total area to be air-conditioned. (m2)
A = 18 x 36 A = 648 m2
2. Get the floor area/ton of refrigeration required from chart. (m2/TR)
DESIGNATION A/C SYSTEM FLR AREA/ TR REQ’D
(m2/TR)
A. Common Mall Areas 20
B. Rentable areas

COOLED CHILLED
CENTRAL WATER-
12

WATER SYSTEM
1. Fine Dining/ Fast Food
2. Food Court 12
3. Retail Stores (dry) 18
4. Hardware (Handyman) 18
5. Stores/ Anchor Stores 18
6. Department Stores 18
7. Supermarket 18
8. Amusement Center 18
2. Get the floor area/ton of refrigeration required from chart. (m2/TR)
DESIGNATION A/C SYSTEM FLR AREA/ TR REQ’D
(m2/TR)
A. Common Mall Areas 20
B. Rentable areas

COOLED CHILLED
CENTRAL WATER-
12

WATER SYSTEM
1. Fine Dining/ Fast Food
2. Food Court 12
3. Retail Stores (dry) 18
4. Hardware (Handyman) 18
5. Stores/ Anchor Stores 18
6. Department Stores 18
7. Supermarket 18
8. Amusement Center 18

Use 18 m2/TR for Hardware

3. Calculate Tons of Refrigeration (TR)

TR = Total Area
Floor Area/ TR
648 m2
=
18 m2/TR

TR = 36 TR

Use 40 TR
 4. Divide the area to be air-conditioned equally spaced 6m x 6m.

6m

6m
5. Calculate TR per 6m x 6m.

6m

6m

Aper square = 36 m2
36 m2
TRper square = = 2 TRper square
18 m2/TR
6. Calculate CFM/nozzle:

2 TR x 400 cfm/TR

= 2 TRper square
 7. Make proposed Air Distribution Layout:

branch 1

branch 2
40 TR
AHU

branch 3

diffuser
Total number of diffusers = 18
8. Calculate Air Distribution and Duct sizing:

Total CFM = 40 TR x 400 cfm per TR

= 16,000 cfm

Total number of diffusers = 18

CFM/diffuser = 16,000
18
= 880 cfm per diffuser
 To get CFM for each branch:
Note: branch 1 = branch 2 = branch 3
CFMper branch = 6 x 880 = 5,280 cfmper branch
For one branch:
5280 cfm 4400 cfm 3520 cfm 2640 cfm 1760 cfm 880 cfm

880 cfm 880 cfm 880 cfm 880 cfm 880 cfm 880 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

5280 cfm 4400 cfm 3520 cfm 2640 cfm 1760 cfm 880 cfm

800 cfm 800 cfm 800 cfm 800 cfm 800 cfm 800 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

 Note: for 3 consecutive diffusers use
only one size of duct for economical use

5280 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

Q = AV Acircle = D2/4
Use 2000 fpm for Velocity
4 x 2.64
D=
A = 5280 = 2.64 ft2 
2000
 Note: for 3 consecutive diffusers use
only one size of duct for economical use

5280 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

Q = AV Acircle = D2/4
Use 2000 fpm for Velocity
D = 1.83 ft x 12 in/ft
A = 5280 2.64 ft2
=
2000 = 22 inches ø
 Do the same procedure for the next
three diffusers

2640 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

Q = AV Acircle = D2/4
Use 2000 fpm for Velocity
4 x 1.32
D=
A = 2640 = 1.32 ft2 
2000
 Do the same procedure for the next
three diffusers

2640 cfm

To compute sizing of branch:

Q = AV Acircle = D2/4
Use 2000 fpm for Velocity
D = 1.2 ft x 12 in/ft
A = 2640 1.32 ft2
=
2000 = 15 inches ø
 9. Draw the final layout including duct size

40 TR
AHU

22” ø 15” ø
 - END OF LECTURE -

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!